"Explain the principles of mass transfer in chemical engineering, detailing the mechanisms of diffusion, convection, and mass transfer coefficients. Discuss the applications of mass transfer in unit operations such as distillation, absorption$,$ and extraction. Explore the factors affecting mass transfer rates, including concentration gradients, temperature, and surface area. Additionally, analyze the importance of understanding mass transfer phenomena in industrial processes such as separation, reaction engineering, and environmental remediation. Consider the role of modeling and simulation techniques in optimizing mass transfer processes for efficiency and sustainability."