Explain what amendment applies to Officer Marshall$$s actions in making the traffic stop

Explain whether Officer Marshall had a lawful reason to make the traffic stop, including discussion of level of proof officer needs to make a traffic stop

Explain whether Officer Hankins$$ warrantless search of the duffle bag was a lawful search. If so$,$ what exception to the warrant requirement applies.

Explain whether Officers Hankins and Marshall lawfully searched the vehicle, finding the drugs in the center console. If so$,$ what exception to the warrant requirement applies.

Identify the standard of proof to make an arrest and explain whether Officer Marshall lawfully arrested the driver.