Explain why the mass of the crystals (0.29 g) was less (much less) than that of the crude material (1.45 g). Watch out for simplistic answer. Your sample was at least 95% pure before the crystallization. Therefore, you cannot blame it on the presence of impurities since they represent only 5% of the original mass of crude vanilla flavouring. Also, if the stemless funnel is not kept warm enough, a significant portion of the product will crystallize in the funnel which is an experimental error. Even if no significant portion of the product crystallizes in the funnel, the mass of crystals will still be much less than that of the crude material. So where is the remaining mass and why? This is a common problem when compounds are recrystallized using this technique. Justifying the loss of material because of experimental errors or poor manipulation skills will not be considered as an acceptable reason for the loss of material. Add any references used please.