explination please

Software management challenges Bower ^ The product is intangible. Software project cannot be seen or touched like shipbuilding or civil engineering projects. Software project managers cannot see progress by simply looking at the artefact that is being constructed. Many software projects are 'one-off projects. Large software projects are usually different in some ways from previous projects. Even managers who have lots of previous experience may find it difficult to anticipate problems. Software processes are variable and organization specific . We still cannot reliably predict when a particular software process is likely to lead to development problems. Chapter 22 Project management 12/23/20