Explore fundamental concepts such as reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, and mass transfer in developing efficient and sustainable processes. Discuss the role of catalysts, reactor design, and process control in optimizing reaction conditions and product yields. Explain the significance of reaction mechanisms and selectivity in product formation, considering factors like kinetics, thermodynamics, and reaction conditions. Additionally, analyze the impact of process variables like temperature, pressure, and concentration on reaction rates and product quality. Illustrate with examples from industries like petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and renewable energy.