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Expressed as a percentage of sales revenue, by what percent has the amount spent on marketing increased or (decreased) when the ratio for the fiscal

Expressed as a percentage of sales revenue, by what percent has the amount spent on marketing increased or (decreased) when the ratio for the fiscal year ended 12/31/16 is compared to the ratio for the fiscal year ended 12/31/18? Round to 2 decimal places.

Consolidated Income Statement (in thousands) Dec. 31, 2018 Dec. 31, 2017 Dec. 31, 2016
Revenues $ 15,794,341 $ 11,692,713 $ 8,830,669
Cost of revenues 9,967,538 8,033,000 6,257,462
Gross Margin 5,826,803 3,659,713 2,573,207
Expenses:
Marketing expense 2,369,469 1,436,281 1,097,519
Technology and development expense 1,221,814 953,710 780,232
General and administrative expense 630,294 431,043 315,663
Total Expenses 4,221,577 2,821,034 2,193,414
Operating income 1,605,226 838,679 379,793
Interest expense 420,493 238,204 150,114
Other income (expense) 41,725 (115,154) 30,828
Income before income tax expense 1,226,458 485,321 260,507
Income tax expense 15,216 (73,608) 73,829

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