Financial markets across economies involve various kinds of participants and trade various types of assets and securities$.$ It is important to understand the kinds of markets in which financial transactions take place.

You are preparing to take an exam in your finance class, and you$$ve been making flash cards on different markets and transactions. Indicate the markets in which each of the following transactions will be traded:

Description of Transaction

Type of Market

Sonia takes a mortgage loan from a bank to purchase property.

Description of Transaction

Type of Market

You need gasoline now, so you drive to the gas station and purchase $10$ gallons of gasoline.

Description of Transaction

Type of Market

Long$-$term mortgage$-$backed securities are traded between investors and issuers.

Description of Transaction

Type of Market

US banks raise additional capital by issuing new stocks and bonds to repay the money they received from the government during the $2008$ financial crisis.

A hedge fund purchased credit default swaps on securities it did not own because it believed that the securities were likely to default. In this example, the hedge fund is $.$