1. Find two coins: one nickel and one penny to avoid confusion. The nickel and penny will represent the parents. The head and tail of each coin will represent a single allele (so each parent has two alleles). With these coins, conduct the following trials:
2. Test 1: AA x AA (heads and tails of each coin are A)
3. Test 2: aa x aa (heads and tails of each coin are a)
4. Test 3: AA x aa (head and tail of the nickel are A; head and tail of the penny are a)
5. Test 4: Aa x Aa (head is dominant and tail is recessive on both coins)
6. Test 5: Aa x aa (head is dominant and tail is recessive on the nickel; head and tail on the penny are recessive).
7. Flip each coin 20 times for each test and record the results.
8. Determine the F₁frequencies and ratios based on the results.