First, we should prioritize energy conservation. Energy conservation can take a lot of different forms, starting with retrofitting existing structures with insulation and more efficient heating and cooling. Commercial buildings could benefit from new technologies using artificial intelligence to control their heating and cooling systems. We also need to continue to work on reducing vehicle miles traveled even with electric vehicles. We know some of the ways of doing that, such as investing in public transit and encouraging transit-related housing development. There is going to be a tendency to deemphasize these efforts as fossil fuels are phased out, but they're going to remain important.

1. Which level of government has primary authority over building codes, land use planning, and transportation system planning? What is the legal authority in that level of government that empowers this type of energy conservation policy?