Flowchart Exercise 3

Directions: For each of the following three questions, use Field's Flowchart to determine which statistical test to use. For each item below, assume that the assumptions for the linear model are met. Provide your responses immediately below each item. And, when there are two options, be sure to specify which test you would use and why.

1.A researcher is interested in investigating the relationship between age and acquiring COVID-19 in an attempt to see whether certain ages are more susceptible to becoming infected. Using data provided from the CDC, the researcher secures a data set (n = 1,763) identifying individuals living in northeast Kansas who have been tested for COVID-19. The two variables of interest here are age and result of testing (positive or negative).

Which statistical test should you use (2 points)? Next, explain why you selected the test you did by going through the steps in the flow chart for the outcome/dependent variable(s) (3 points) as well as for the predictor/independent variable(s) (5 points)? In your explanation, be sure to clearly identify what exactly the outcome/dependent and predictor/independent variables are as well as, if applicable, the categories (i.e., levels) of the predictor/independent variable(s).

2.Now imagine you are in my face-to-face classroom and, as I have done in the past with previous classes, I ask the class to take their resting heart rate in beats per minute. I then ask the students to stand up and sit back down after which they remeasure their heart rate. Finally, I ask the students to walk up two flights of stairs after which they are to remeasure their heart rate. Thus, everyone provides a "resting" heart rate, "standing" heart rate, and a "stepping" heart rate. We as a class then proceed to determine whether the type of activity will significantly raise heart rate.

Which statistical test should you use (2 points)? Next, explain why you selected the test you did by going through the steps in the flow chart for the outcome/dependent variable(s) (3 points) as well as for the predictor/independent variable(s) (5 points)? In your explanation, be sure to clearly identify what exactly the outcome/dependent and predictor/independent variables are as well as, if applicable, the categories (i.e., levels) of the predictor/independent variable(s).

3.Are people born during winter months more likely to develop schizophrenia than people born at other times? To answer this question, researchers recruited 50 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and 50 people with no psychotic diagnosis. Everyone was then classified according to season (Summer, Fall, Winter, and Spring) in which he or she was born.

Which statistical test should you use (2 points)? Next, explain why you selected the test you did by going through the steps in the flow chart for the dependent variable (3 points) as well as for the independent variable (5 points)? In your explanation, be sure to clearly identify what exactly the dependent and independent variables are as well as associated levels.