Folk notions have often suggested that speaking a different language at home can cause a deficit at school. Recent research suggests the opposite: that early bilingual experience can have cognitive benefits that last throughout adulthood. It was also found that by the third generation, 51% of hispanic families were not speaking Spanish at home.A public service campaign sought to improve these figures and launched a campaign using the slogan: "Leading with Languages" to try to decrease Spanish speakers who do not speak Spanish due tofeeling stigmatized to do so. After the campaign, a poll found that 48% of hispanic families were not speaking Spanish at home.The p-value in this case is the probability of getting data like that observed or more extreme (i.e., getting an observed non-Spanish speaking rate of 51% or lower) assuming that:

A) The sample size is large enough.

B) The public service campaign did decrease the rate of non-Spanish speaking at home for hispanic households.

C) The public service campaign did not decrease the rate of non-Spanish speaking at home for hispanic households.

D) The sample was random.