Following are comparative statements of cash flows, as reported by The Coca-Cola Company in its 2017 annual report: THE COCA-COLA COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Year Ended December 31 (in millions) 2017 2016 2015 Operating Activities (details omitted): Net cash provided by operating activities $ 6,995 $ 8,796 $ 10,528 Investing Activities: Purchases of investments (16,520) (15,499) (15,831) Proceeds from disposals of investments 15,911 16,624 14,079 Acquisitions of businesses, equity method investments, and nonmarketable securities (3,900) (838) (2,491) Proceeds from disposals of businesses, equity method investments, and nonmarketable securities 3,821 1,035 565 Purchases of property, plant, and equipment (1,675) (2,262) (2,553) Proceeds from disposals of property, plant, and equipment 104 150 85 Other investing activities (126) (209) (40) Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (2,385) (999) (6,186) Financing Activities: Issuances of debt Payments of debt Issuances of stock. Purchases of stock for treasury Dividends Other financing activities Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Cash Flows from Discontinued Operations: Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities of discontinued operations Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities of discontinued operations 29,857 27,281 (28,768) (25,615) 40,434 (37,738) 1,595 1,434 1,245 (3,682) (3,681) (3,564) (6,320) (6,043) (5,741) (91) 79 251 (7,409) (6,545) (5,113) 111 (65) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities of discontinued operations (38) Net cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents: 8 242 (6) (878) Cash and Cash Equivalents: Net increase (decrease) during the year Balance at beginning of the year (2,549) 8,555 1,246 7,309 (1,649) 8,958 Balance at end of year $ 6,006 $ 8,555 $ 7,309 Required: a-1. For the each of the three years by what amount, net cash provided by operations exceeded net cash used for investing activities and for the payment of dividends. (Enter your answers in millions (i.e., 5,000,000 should be entered as 5). Negative amounts should be indicated with a minus sign.) Excess Net Cash 2017 2016 2015 Total