Following are income statements for Hossa Corporation for $20$X$1$ and $20$X$2.$ Percentage of sales amounts are also shown for each operating expense item. Hossa$$s income tax rate was $22\%$ in $20$X$1$ and $24\%$ in $20$X$2.$

$20$X$120$X$2$

$($$ in millions$)$ $ in millions $\%$ of sales $ in millions $\%$ of sales

Sales $ $5,500\mathrm{.}0$ $ $6,500\mathrm{.}0$

Cost of sales $(2,475\mathrm{.}0)45\%(3,055\mathrm{.}0)47\%$

Other operating expenses $(825\mathrm{.}0)15\%(1,040\mathrm{.}0)16\%$

Operating income $2,200\mathrm{.}02,405\mathrm{.}0$

Provision for income taxes $(484\mathrm{.}0)(577\mathrm{.}2)$

Net income $ $1,716\mathrm{.}0$ $ $1,827\mathrm{.}8$

Income tax rate $22\%24\%$

Hossa$$s management was pleased that $20$X$2$ net income was up $6\mathrm{.}5\%$ from the prior year. Although you are also happy with the increase in net income, you are not so sure the news is all positive. You have modeled Hossa$$s income as follows:

NET INCOME $=$ SALES $\backslash$times $(1$ COGS$\%$ OPEX$\%)\backslash$times $(1$ TAX RATE$)$

Using this model, net income in $20$X$1$ is computed as $$5,500\backslash$times $(145\%15\%)\backslash$times $(122\%)=$ $$1,716\mathrm{.}0.$ Net income in $20$X$2$ is computed as $$6,500\backslash$times $(147\%16\%)\backslash$times $(124\%)=$ $$1,827\mathrm{.}8.$

Required:

Prepare a cause$-$of$-$change analysis to show the extent to which each of the following items contributed to the $$111\mathrm{.}8$ million increase in Hossa$$s net income from $20$X$1$ to $20$X$2$: $($Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answers in millions rounded to $1$ decimal place. Negative amounts should be indicated by a minus sign.$)$

Increase in sales $($SALES$)$

Increase in cost of sales as a percent of sales $($COGS$\%)$

Increase in other operating expenses as a percent of sales $($OPEX$\%)$

Increase in income tax rate $($TAX RATE$)$