Following is a layer of abstraction of a computer.

PC

e Operating System CPU -> ALU -> Basic Logic Gates

High-level Language -> intermediate language(s) -> Assembly Language -> Machine code -> computer -> Memory ---------------------------------> NAND

questions: (10 points, 2 each)

(1.) the following questions deal with low computers are built and work on layers of abstraction.

a. in which layer if abstraction do high-level programming languages such as python and java reside?

b. in which layer of abstraction binary digit (1 and 0) is mostly used?

c. in which layer of abstraction do electric signals (on and off) occur?

d. in which layers of abstraction do electric compilers such as C++ compilers or python interpreter work?

2. in which layer of abstraction low-level programming functions such as fetching data from memory and drawing pixels on the screen are employed?