Following is an excerpt from an article from the ABC regarding a sediment discharge fine levied by the Queensland government on the Adani Mining Group:

Indian mining giant Adani will contest a fine of just over $12 000 issued by the Queensland government over the unauthorised release of sediment stormwater from the Abbot Point coal terminal.

Adani gave notice to the state environment department that they would contest the fine in court.

The company was granted a temporary emissions licence to help it manage water on the site during Tropical Cyclone Debbie.

The environment department said Adani later advised it had breached the conditions, after releasing sediment amounts more than eight times the level it was licensed for.

A spokesperson for Adani declined to comment as the matter is before the courts.

The fine came under criticism by environmental groups, who labelled it as inadequate.

Environment Minister Steven Miles also declined to comment.

Investigations over the environmental impact of the release continue.

The company faces a possible multimillion-dollar fine if it is proven they caused environmental harm.

The environment department previously told the ABC that corporations can be fined up to $3.8 million for wilful non-compliance of temporary emissions licences causing environmental harm and up to $2.7 million for unintentional non-compliance.

Source: Reproduced by permission of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation - Library Sales Tim Swanston 2017.

Tom Jefferson/Greenpeace

An aerial view of the Abbot Point coal terminal.

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What do you think of this $12 000 fine? What external cost types should the government authority be considering when determining the size of the fine for Adani? List as many cost types you think are relevant.