For a recent year, McDonald's (MCD) company-owned restaurants had the following sales and expenses (in millions):

Sales		$22,100
Food and packaging	$8,590
Payroll	5,600
Occupancy (rent, depreciation, etc.)	3,610
General, selling, and admin. expenses	3,200
Other expense	440
Total expenses		(21,440)
Operating income (loss)		$660

Assume that the Costs that vary in total dollar amount as the level of activity changes.variable costs consist of food and packaging, payroll, and 40% of the general, selling, and administrative expenses.

a. What is McDonald's contribution margin? Enter your answer in million, rounded to one decimal place. $ million

b. What is McDonald's contribution margin ratio? Round your percentage answer to one decimal place. %

c. How much would operating income increase if same-store sales increased by $1,300 million for the coming year, with no change in the contribution margin ratio or Costs that tend to remain the same in amount, regardless of variations in the level of activity.fixed costs? $ million

d. What would have been the operating income or loss for the recent year if sales had been $1,300 million more? $ million

e. To achieve break even for the recent year, by how much would sales need to increase? Enter your anwer in million rounded to the nearest whole number. $ million