For each of the following passages, identify and state the conclusion (if there is one). If the passage contains an inductive argument, state both its conclusion and what kind of inductive argument it is. Briefly justify your answer. If the passage does not contain an argument or if the argument is not inductive, briefly explain why.

1. Adults who are sleeping and who are found, by physiological tests, to be undergoing what is called REM (rapid eye movement) sleep regularly report dreams if they are wakened during that REM sleep. Cats exhibit brain activity closely similar to that which adult human beings exhibit during REM sleep. Therefore, cats probably dream. [4 marks]
2. In 1982, an American Roman Catholic organisation called Applied Research in the Apostolate sponsored a poll of people across the world to determine their values, attitudes, and sources of satisfaction in life. Of the people polled, 1200 were Canadians, and of these Canadians, 95% reported being very happy or quite happy. In fact, Canadians were happier, according to this survey, than people in the USA or Europe. So probably, in the 1990s, Canadians are still happier than Americans and Europeans. [6 marks]
3. Oscar drank beer after his first nine holes of golf on a hot and humid day. When he completed the second nine, he gulped down a glass of iced waterand passed out. If he had stuck to beer, he would have been OK. [4 marks]