For many years, Mars, Incorporated manufactured M&M$\text{'}$s candies in assorted but fixed colors. M&M$\text{'}$s were known and branded worldwide as individual candies featuring single solid colors. Then, in response to technological advancements and evolving customer tastes and expectations, Mars adapted its technical core by producing M&M$\text{'}$s in an infinite variety of configurations and colors, even offering M&M$\text{'}$s with personal photographs imprinted upon them as a product of "mass customization." Mars accomplished this by implementing