For markets to be in equilibrium, what of the following conditions must be true? Question 5 options:

a) The required rate of return must equal the realized rate of return; that is, r =

b) The expected rate of return must be equal to the required rate of return; that is, = r.

c) The past realized rate of return must be equal to the expected rate of return; that is, .

d) No companies can be in danger of declaring bankruptcy.