For questions 1-7, refer to the following information: With the availability of effective anti- rheumatoid arthritis (RA) agents, disease activity measurements can inform the specication of treatment and are part of an approach known as \"treat to target.\" A study was conducted among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients to explore age differences in both disease activity measurement and treatment. Of interest was the possibility that elderly patients might be less likely to have their disease activity measured and less likely to receive aggressive treatment. RA patients in two age ranges who were receiving care at a clinic in Philadelphia were included. The data consisted of 70 elderly (75+ years) RA patients and 459 younger (40-70 years) RA patient \"controls.\" Using a 0.05 signicance level, you need to test the claim that the patient's age is associated with the administered treatment by answering the following questions. (7 points) SAS Output Frequency , Administered Treatment Expected , Bi,ologics CellChI Square NoneM, WW ComboTx, Total i'lfflfm'ff WWW mm Younger 55, 12, 44, 459 , 62 .473, A, 144.03, 41.. 648, 196. 96, , 0.8938, 0.2553, 0.113, 0.1328, 0.6186 ffl'ffflfl' WWW WW Elderly, 17, 4, 4. , 9.5,274 2. 1172, 21.. 966, 6.3516, 30.038, 8 1.6743, 0.7408, 0.8707 4.056 mmmmmmm Total 72 16 166 48 227 c 1. What are the most appropriate null and alternative hypotheses? (1 point) a. Ho: Age and treatment follow a uniform distribution H1: Age and treatment do not follow a uniform distribution b. Ho: 25% of elderly and 30% of younger patients took steroids H1: Elderly and younger patients who took steroids differ from 25% and 30% c. Ho: Age and treatment are dependent H1: Age and treatment are independent (1. Ho: Age and treatment are independent H1: Age and treatment are dependent e. Ho: There is no linear correlation between age and treatment H1: There is a linear correlation between age and treatment . What type of test should we perform to test the null hypothesis? (1 point) Goodness-oft test for multinomial experiments Fisher's exact test Wake Pearson's chi-square test of independence Test of no signicant linear correlation 99-957! . What is the expected 'equency for younger patients who were administered steroids (labeled A in the output table)? (1 point) a. 1.67 b. 2.12 c. 12.00 (1. 13.88 e. 192.65 . What is the contribution to the overall test statistic of the cell corresponding to elderly patients who were not administered any treatments (labeled B in the output table)? (1 point) 0.32 0.89 a. b. c. 5.86 d. 9.53 e. 17.00 . What is the value of the test statistic? (2 points) 3.90 15.22 62.47 23 1.65 Cannot be determined with the given information 99-9?! 6. How many degrees of freedom does this test statistic have? (1 point) b. 4 C. 9 d. 528 e. This test statistic does not use degrees of freedom 7. Given the p-value corresponding to the test statistic in (5) is 0.0043, what is your conclusion regarding Ho? (1 point) a. Because 0.0043 > 0.05, we fail to reject Ho and conclude there is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that age is related to the administered treatment. b. Because 0.0043 > 0.05, we reject Ho and conclude there is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that age is related to the administered treatment. c. Because 0.0043