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For questions 1-7, refer to the following information: With the availability of effective anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) agents, disease activity measurements can inform the specification of
For questions 1-7, refer to the following information: With the availability of effective anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) agents, disease activity measurements can inform the specification of treatment and are part of an approach known as "treat to target." A study was conducted among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients to explore age differences in both disease activity measurement and treatment. Of interest was the possibility that elderly patients might be less likely to have their disease activity measured and less likely to receive aggressive treatment. RA patients in two age ranges who were receiving care at a clinic in Philadelphia were included. The data consisted of 70 elderly (75+ years) RA patients and 459 younger (40- 70 years) RA patient "controls." Using a 0.05 significance level, you need to test the claim that the patient's age is associated with the administered treatment by answering the following questions. Frequency Administered Treatment Expected Biologics Cell Chi-Square None Steroids DMARDs or sDMARDS Combo TX Total Younger 55 12 140 44 208 459 62.473 A 144.03 41.648 196.96 0. 8938 0. 2553 0. 113 0. 1328 0.6186 Elderly 17 4 26 19 70 9.5274 2. 1172 21.966 6.3516 30. 038 B 1. 6743 0. 7408 0. 8707 4.056 Total 72 16 166 48 227 C2. What type of test should we perform to test the null hypothesis? (1 point) a. Goodness-of-fit test for multinomial experiments b. Fisher's exact test c. MeNear's test d. Pearson's chi-square test of independence c. Test of no significant linear correlation 3. What is the expected frequency for younger patients who were administered steroids (labeled A in the output table)? (1 point) a. 1.67 b. 2.12 C. 12.00 d. 13.88 C. 192.65 4. What is the contribution to the overall test statistic of the cell corresponding to elderly patients who were not administered any treatments (labeled B in the output table)? (1 point) a. 0.32 b. 0.89 c. 5.86 d. 9.53 c. 17.00 5. What is the value of the test statistic? (2 points) a. 3.90 b. 15.22 c. 62.47 d. 231.65 c. Cannot be determined with the given information 6. How many degrees of freedom does this test statistic have? (1 point) a. 1 b. 4 C. d. 528 C. This test statistic does not use degrees of freedom
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