For the below questions, refer to the following:The Federal Trade Commission provided measured tar contents (in mg) of randomly selected filtered and nonfiltered king-size cigarettes. A random sample of 21 filtered king-size cigarettes has a mean tar content of 13.3 mg with standard deviation 3.7 mg. A random sample of 8 nonfiltered king-size cigarettes has a mean tar content of 24.0 mg with standard deviation 1.7 mg. Assuming unequal variances between the two populations of cigarettes, you need to test the claim that the mean amount of tar in filtered king-size cigarettes is less than the mean amount of tar in nonfiltered king-size cigarettes at a 0.05 significance level.

Question 26

What is the most appropriate statistical test?

Select one:

a. Two-samplez-test

b. Two-samplet-test (pooled variance)

c. Two-samplet-test (unpooled variance)

d. Pairedt-test

e. Two-way ANOVA

Question 27

What should you use for the value of the test statistic?

Select one:

a. 17.16

b. 10.70

c. 10.63

d. 7.80

e. 1.90

For the below questions, refer to the following:In a survey, 11 male statistics students were asked to report their height in inches. Their heights were then accurately measured after the survey was completed. The mean of their reported heights was 69.227 in. with standard deviation 2.11 in., and the mean of their measured heights was 68.555 in. with standard deviation 2.09 in. The standard deviation of the differences between the reported and measured heights was 0.826 in. Using a 0.05 significance level, you need to test the claim that male statistics students do exaggerate by reporting heights that are greater than their actual measured heights.

Question 28

What is the appropriate null hypothesis? Assume 1is the mean of reported, 2is the mean of measured, and dis the mean of the difference between reported and measured.

Select one:

a.12> 0

b.d> 0

c.d 0

d.xd> 0

Question 29

What should you use for the value of the test statistic?

Select one:

a. 0.67

b. 1.64

c. 1.96

d. 2.70

e. 4.41

Question 30

The tobacco industry closely monitors all surveys that involve smoking. One survey showed that among 785 randomly selected subjects who completed four years of college, 18.3% smoke (based on data from the American Medical Association). You need to construct a 98% confidence interval for the true percentage of smokers among all people who completed four years of college. What value should you use for the critical value?

Select one:

a. 0.014

b. 0.028

c. 0.032

d. 2.055

e. 2.325

Question 31

Suppose we want to test the claim that subjects taking the cholesterol-reducing drug Lipitor experience headaches at a rate that is greater than the 7% rate for people who do not take Lipitor. What is the alternative hypothesis?

QUESTION 32

In a study of air-bag effectiveness it was found that in 821 crashes of midsize cars equipped with air bags, 46 of the crashes resulted in hospitalization of the drivers (based on data from the highway Loss Data Institute). Using a 0.01 significance level, you need to test the claim that the air-bag hospitalization rate is lower than the 7.8% rate for crashes of mid-size cars equipped with automatic safety belts. What conclusion should you make?

Select one:

a. Because the test statistic is 2.35 with critical value 2.58, we fail to reject H0and conclude there is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the air-bag hospitalization rate is lower than the 7.8% rate for crashes of mid-size cars equipped with automatic safety belts.

b. Because the test statistic is 2.35 with critical value 2.33, we fail to reject H0and conclude there is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the air-bag hospitalization rate is lower than the 7.8% rate for crashes of mid-size cars equipped with automatic safety belts.

c. Because the test statistic is 2.35 with critical value 2.33, we reject H0and conclude there is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the air-bag hospitalization rate is lower than the 7.8% rate for crashes of mid-size cars equipped with automatic safety belts.

d. Because the test statistic is 2.74 with critical value 2.33, we fail to reject H0and conclude there is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the air-bag hospitalization rate is lower than the 7.8% rate for crashes of mid-size cars equipped with automatic safety belts.

e. Because the test statistic is 2.74 with critical value 2.33, we reject H0and conclude there is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the air-bag hospitalization rate is lower than the 7.8% rate for crashes of mid-size cars equipped with automatic safety belts.

Question 33

Which of the following distributions does not depend on sample size (does not require you to specify degrees of freedom)?

Select one:

a.z-distribution

b.t-distribution

c.2distribution

d.F-distribution

e. All of the above depend on sample size.

For the below questions, refer to the following:The Chronic Related Score (CReSc) is a new index of a patient's clinical profile that is derived from inpatient and outpatient services provided by the Regional Health Service and is validated for outcome prediction. CReSc values range from 0 to 4, with higher values indicating a worse clinical status. Mancia et al. (2020) observed the following frequencies among a sample of 6,272 COVID-19 patients:

Using a 0.05 significance level, you need to test the claim that COVID-19 patients are distributed evenly in these categories.

Question 34

What is the expected frequency of patients with the worst clinical status, i.e., category 4?

Select one:

a. 92.92

b. 125.44

c. 913.00

d. 996.97

e. 1254.4

Question 35

Given the test statistic has a value of 996.97, what conclusion should you make?

Select one:

a. Becausep-value < 0.0001, we fail to reject H0and conclude that there is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that COVID-19 patients are distributed evenly in these categories.

b. Becausep-value < 0.0001, we reject H0and conclude that there is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that COVID-19 patients are distributed evenly in these categories.

c. Becausep-value < 0.0001, we reject H0and conclude that there is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that COVID-19 patients are distributed evenly in these categories.

d. Becausep-value = 0.999, we fail to reject H0and conclude that there is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that COVID-19 patients are distributed evenly in these categories.

e. Becausep-value = 0.999, we reject H0and conclude that there is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that COVID-19 patients are distributed evenly in these categories.

Question 36

Based on genotypes of parents, offspring are expected to have genotypes distributed as follows: 25% AA (healthy), 50% Aa (carrier), and 25% aa (diseased). Suppose for 90 randomly selected offspring you observe the following genotype frequencies: 22 AA, 55 Aa, and 13 aa. Using a 0.01 significance level, you need to test the claim that the observed genotype offspring frequencies follow the expected distribution of 25% AA, 50% Aa, and 25% aa. What is the value of the appropriate test statistic?

Select one:

a. 0.05

b. 6.24

c. 9.21

d. 38.9

e. 63.5

For the below questions, refer to the following:Quadri et al. (2020) conducted a study to examine the basic knowledge on COVID-19 among different types of dental health care workers in Saudi Arabia. The observed frequencies for one of the questions are provided below. Using a 0.05 significance level, you need to test the claim that there is a significant association between type of dental health care worker and response to the question "What is COVID-19?"

Question 37

What is the expected frequency of specialists who answered pulmonary disease?

Select one:

a. 0.35

b. 29.71

c. 43.00

d. 47.06

e. Cannot be determined with the given information

Question 38

How much does the cell for interns who answered SARS infection contribute to the overall test statistic?

Select one:

a. 29.71

b. 17.17

c. 8.00

d. 4.90

e. Cannot be determined with the given information

Question 39

What is the distribution of the appropriate test statistic?

Select one:

a.twith 11 degrees of freedom

b.2with 1 degree of freedom

c.2with 6 degrees of freedom

d.2with 12 degrees of freedom

e.Fwith 3 numerator and 2 denominator degrees of freedom