For the following questions, determine whether to use a parametric or non- parametric test (look at assumptions or test for normality). Perform the hypothesis testing in R and write down the results and the R commands you used. Draw the distribution with the critical values. Where needed perform tests at =0.05. Make conclusions using both the p-value and test statistic. Underline your answers.

A) The zika virus has been linked to severe neurological diseases and can cause microcephaly, reducing the brain size of a baby. Ultrasounds have measured the brain size (cm) of 3 week old babies in the womb before and after infection of zika Before zika: 12.9, 13.5, 12.8, 15.6, 17.2, 19.2, 12.6, 15.3, 14.4, 11.3 After zika: 12.7, 11.6, 10, 15.2, 16.8, 20, 12, 15.5, 15, 10.9 - First state the null and alternative hypothesis. -Test for the normality of the distributions. Are the samples normally distributed? - Is there a decrease in brain size after zika infection (assume the data is normally distributed)? - Is there a decrease in brain size after zika infection (assume the data is not normally distributed)?

B) You are asked to test whether pollution levels in a nearby pond are reduced by stopping industrial waste dumping. Here the values of pollution at each site: With dumping (before): 214, 159, 169, 272, 103, 179, 200, 149, 132, 148, 194, 104, 219, 119, 234 Without dumping (after): 159, 135, 141, 101, 102, 168, 62, 167, 174, 159, 66, 118, 181, 171, 112 -First state the null and alternative hypothesis. -Does stopping waste dumping decrease levels of pollution in the pond assume the data is normally distributed)? -Does stopping waste dumping decrease levels of pollution in the pond assume the data is not normally distributed)? -Plot both the With dumping and Without dumping values in different colors and symbols on the same plot. Label both axes.