For the following questions, find the best embedded system term among the listed items. Associative cache method, bios, boot-up,

Cache memory manager, calloc, conflict misses, crash, Data alignment, direct mapped, DRAM,

DRAM controller, dynamic, dynamic memory,

Flash memory, free, Hard disks, Harvard,

Last in First out, malloc, memory map,

Memory protection, RAM, refresh, register file, scratchpad, secondary, segmentation fault,

Solid state disks, SRAM, stack, stack poiner, standby, static, valid flag, virtual memory, virtual memory system, volatile, Von Neumann.

QUESTIONS

1. A ......................... memory is a data storage device whose contents are lost when the power is cut off.

2. The ......................... mode of a memory conserves the contents consuming very little power.

3. A non-volatile memory is used for ......................... and ......................... data.

4 A ................memory system typically remap the addresses of many different kind memory devices to a contiguous address space.

5. S of SRAM stands for..........................

6. D of DRAM stands for..........................

7. DRAM needs periodic ............... which is done by a DRAM controller.

8. Access time of ......................... varies because it may be occupied for cycles.

9. Among the main memory devices, access time of ......................... is faster than ........................., but more expensive because it occupies larger area on silicon.

10. Floating gate transistor is main component storing data in a ......................... y.

11. Hard disk, CD, and DVD are ......................... storage devices

12. ......................... are vulnerable to vibrations.

13. ......................... cannot be used for long term backup because of data possible loss in a couple of years.

14. Many applications require larger memory than the on-chip ......................... memory in their microcontroller.

15. A ......................... may combine different types of memory devices the same address space.

16. A ......................... shows how the hardware occupies the address space.

17 ......................... architecture has isolated address spaces for program and data.

18. ......................... architecture has a single address space for program and data.

19. Many processors are ......................... machine at cache level, but cache controller maps data and program memory to address ranges in the same address space like a von Neumann machine.

20. The SRAM memory on the internal bus of CPU is called a ..........................

21. A memory area that duplicates a different kind of memory block is called a ......................... .

22 A ......................... is a dynamically allocated region of memory in Last In First Out style using a ..........................

23. ......................... is a memory where individual items (bytes or words) can be written and read at any time relatively fast speeds.

24. ......................... unit is a hardware circuit that does not allow a code to access beyond their allowed address space.

25. Unauthorized access to memory terminates the offending application by a ......................... or similar exceptions.

26. ......................... allocation in heap is accomplished in C by .........................() and ......................... () functions.

27. Allocated dynamic memory is returned to OS by using ......................... () function.

28. In Embedded programming, dynamic memory allocation is hazardous since it may yield unexpected ......................... .