. For the following two scenarios, identify and explain whether a Type I error or a Type II error was made (4 marks total):

1. People who have COVID-19 test positive for the virus. A University student who does not have COVID-19, but is merely exhausted from studying for midterms and nursing a cold takes the diagnostic test, and the test result is positive. What type of error is this false positive - is it a Type I or Type II error? Explain your answer. (2 marks)

1. Sandra and Beth are friends who both enjoy fishing. One day they begin discussing the quantity of fish in two different lakes that they frequently visit. Based on their experience in fishing in the two lakes, they decide that the two lakes are equivalent in terms of the number of fish. A researcher overhears their conversation and decides to test their conclusion. Using advanced sonar sensing, the researcher counts the actual number of fish in each lake. The researcher finds that one lake has substantially more fish than the other lake does. Assuming that the findings of the researcher reflect the population truth about the two lakes, what type of error did Sandra and Beth make in their judgment - Type I or Type II error? Explain your answer. (2 marks)