Formulae and Significance of Ratios Used in Determining Long term Stability To which measure of long$-$term solvency does each of the following refer?

a$.\frac{\text{F}\text{i}\text{x}\text{e}\text{d}\text{A}\text{s}\text{s}\text{t}\text{s}}{\text{T}\text{o}\text{r}\text{a}\text{i}\text{o}\text{n}\text{m}\text{e}\text{r}\text{'}\text{s}\text{s}\text{q}\text{u}\text{i}\text{t}\text{y}}$

b$.$ Fotai Liabilities and cnner's

Equity $($or Total Assefs$)$

common strock B$$sity

c$.$ Numier of cominon sinares outssinding

d$.$ Totai iong$-$termin Liabiities incous bejore intersst

e$.\frac{\text{a}\text{n}\text{d}\text{i}\text{n}\text{c}\text{o}\text{m}\text{e}\text{r}\text{a}\text{x}}{\text{A}\text{n}\text{u}\text{a}\text{i}\text{n}\text{t}\text{e}\text{r}\text{e}\text{s}\text{t}\text{c}\text{h}\text{a}\text{r}\text{s}\text{e}}$

f$.\frac{\text{N}\text{e}\text{t}\text{i}\text{n}\text{c}\text{a}\text{i}\text{n}\text{e}}{\text{P}\text{r}\text{e}\text{j}\text{e}\text{r}\text{r}\text{e}\text{d}\text{s}\text{t}\text{a}\text{c}\text{k}\text{D}\text{i}\text{l}\text{d}\text{e}\text{n}\text{d}}$ Requitrement

Net incoine sefore incons

Taxand Fixed Charges

g$.$ Fixed Ciarges $($ Rent Expense: juterest expense stol

Net sqies

h$.$ Aperage Fixed Assets

i$.$ Totsi Liabilities

Cowers Equity

j$.$ Total Liabilities

Totai Assets

k$.$ Emiers'Equity

Toeal Assets

Fixed assets total quality

Book value per share

Plant turnover

Number of times fixed charges are earned

Number of times preferred stock dividend requirement is earned

Number of times interest expenses is earned

Debt$/$Equity ratio

Fixed assets to total owners' equity

Proprietary $($equity$)$ ratio

Debt ratio

Fixed assets to total long$-$term liabilities