Fresno OY, a Norwegian corporation, wholly owns Ceretony Inc., a subsidiary located and operating in Canada. Given the limited information provided, please (a) determine the appropriate transfer pricing method and (b) calculate the transfer price in the following three scenarios.

1. Fresno OY manufactures window units at a cost of $150 each and sells them to an unrelated distributor in the United States for $450 each. Fresno sells the same exact window units to Ceretony Inc., who then sells them to customers in Canada.

2. Ceretony Inc. manufactures t-shirts at a cost of $15 each and sells them to Fresno, who then sells the t-shirts to Norwegian customers at a retail price of $30. Fresno adds no significant changes/value to the shirts before sale. Norwegian clothing retailers normally earn a gross profit of 40 percent on sales price.

3. Fresno OY manufactures yo-yos at a cost of $20 each and sells them to Ceretony for distribution in Canada (sales price $25). Other Norwegian yo-yo manufacturers sell their products to unrelated customers and normally earn a gross profit equal to 20 percent of the production cost.