From 1979 to2015, China had a policy that allowed couples to have only one child.(Since 2016, couples have been allowed to have twochildren.) Theone-child policy caused a change in the demographics of China. Between 1980 and2017, the share of the population aged 14 and under decreased from 36 percent to 18 percent.And, as parents attempted to ensure that the lone child was ason, the number of male children relative to female children increased.

Sources: WorldBank, World Development Indicators, February2019; and Steven LeeMyers, JinWu, and ClaireFu, "China's LoomingCrisis: A ShrinkingPopulation," New York Times, January21, 2019.

How has theone-child policy changed the relative demand for goods and services inChina?