From an income tax perspective, which planning options are not as beneficial for your grandchildren?

a. Naming a grandchild as beneficiary of your Roth IRA. b. Naming a grandchild as beneficiary of your life insurance policy. c. Naming a grandchild as beneficiary of your traditional IRA. d. Bequeathing cash from a savings account to your grandchild in your will

George and Cecelia wish to leave their estate to their niece Annie and to their favorite charity, the American Red Cross. Which of the following assets is the least tax-efficient to leave to Annie?

a. Their Apple stock has a basis of $10,000 and is now worth $500,000. b. They have a Roth IRA worth $250,000. c. They have a 401(k) worth $550,000. d. Their home is worth $450,000. They purchased it 10 years ago for $300,000.