From "apples are fruits", it follows (we have the implication that) "the seed of an apple is the seed of a fruit". This statement can be represented as follows: Vx Apple(x) Fruit x)] Vx,z [Apple(x) A Seedof (z,x) 3x Fruit (x) A Seedof (z,x)] Use proof by contradiction and resolution to prove that: (Fruit(Apple) Seedof(BlackSeed, Apple)) From "apples are fruits", it follows (we have the implication that) "the seed of an apple is the seed of a fruit". This statement can be represented as follows: Vx Apple(x) Fruit x)] Vx,z [Apple(x) A Seedof (z,x) 3x Fruit (x) A Seedof (z,x)] Use proof by contradiction and resolution to prove that: (Fruit(Apple) Seedof(BlackSeed, Apple))