From: B. Herlihy, B. & Corey G. (2006). ACA Ethical Standards Casebook (Sixth edition), American Counseling Association, Alexandria, VA. Case Study #4 Norma is a 21-year-old college student who States with her parents A Confidentiality tality and HIV/AIDS: The Case of Norma (Jorge Garcia)22 I to the 11 he from El Salvador when she was 2 years old. She is bicultural in the sense that she proudly identifies herself as Latina while at the same time having learned instrumental behaviors that allow her to be effective and successful in the host culture. She speaks English and has been able to advance educationally to the point that she will soon graduate with a bachelor's degree. Socially, she interacts with people from different cultures. nois to into le str tot 200 oldizzoq biamo 10 9200200do bar (started dating a young Latino man about her age, named Javier. They in became close very quickly and started spending a lot of time together. Even though she is aware of the need for protection, they have had sex repeatedly without safety precautions. Javier refuses to engage safe sex, and Norma has not been able to assert herself in this situation. Although he never went to college, Javier finished high school and was able to keep a job for a while. He was fired when he stopped going to work regularly. About a year ago, Norma learned through common friends that Javier has been engaging in antisocial behavior such as dealing drugs and joining groups that commit acts of violence. She has also been the victim of his violent and abusive behavior. Because of his behavior, Norma has been slowly separating herself from Javier, which makes him even angrier. Last semester she attended a workshop about HIV and realized that she could be at great risk, so she was tested for the virus. To her extreme shock, she found out that she was HIV positive; she became so disturbed that she started seeing a counselor at the university. Norma thinks that Javier may have transmitted the disease to her, but she is not entirely sure as she had sexual relations with other people before Javier (sometimes unprotected). Soon the counselor realized that she had an ethical dilemma because Norma has not disclosed her condition to Javier, even though she did inform her other former partners. Informing Javier would allow him to make a decision about seeking testing and treatment if necessary. The counselor wonders whether she has a duty to warn Javier about the danger of being infected with the HIV virus. The counselor shared with Norma that she might have to disclose Norma's condition to Javier, under her duty to warn, unless Norma agreed to do it herself. Norma replies fearfully that if such information is disclosed to Javier she will be in imminent danger of being attacked by him to the point of fearing for her life. This belief is consistent with the history of Javier's violent behavior as reported by Norma. The counselor realized that this ethical dilemma has suddenly become more complex. Questions for Thought and Threaded Discussion Do you think duty to warn applies? Why or why not? What makes this particular situation "more complex? If this counselor practiced in a state that had a law that mandates disclosure, how would that affect his/her decision-making process?