From their study of organizational change in six corporations, Beer et al. (1990) found that: Multiple choice question. senior managers depended on external consultants to identify the strategic needs of the organization. the change was more likely to be embedded if the employees at the operational level were supported in developing specific changes appropriate for their circumstance. senior leaders decided the details of specific changes to be followed lower down in the organization. the most effective senior managers encouraged the employees to specify the general direction in which the company should move