From your assessment of the aforementioned sections from the key, post-9/11 statutes, do you believe the Congress has mandated a sound, logical and more importantly, executable task to the Executive Branch? Justify your response with citations.

f5 Paraphraslng To Modules > 1: Post 9/11 > USA PATRIOTAct of 2001 (b3 Announcements The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 establishes the domestic authority related to deterring and punishing terrorists, and the US policy for CIKR protection. Dashboard Syllabus in Section VII, Congress directs federal agencies to improve information sharing with state and local agencies, Congress also authorizes $50 million for scal year 2002 and $100 million for E' scal year 2003 for the Bureau of Justice Assistance to carry out this requirement. It's been fourteen years since Congress mandated additional information sharing and I'd like you to consider Courses | Modules whether or not federal agencies have fullled this requirement. Are they sharing enough information with state and local agencies? If not, how can the process be improved? Library Resources The USA PATRIOT Act also establishes a new national policy for critical infrastructure protection. Pursuant to Section 1016, "(i)t is the policy of the United States that any physical or virtual disruption of the operation of the critical infrastructures of the United States be rare, brief, geographically limited in effect, manageable, and minimally detrimental to the economy, human and Grades government services. and the national security of the United States." People I'd like you to consider what the statement means. Does it that mean that the Executive branch must protect every piece of CIKR in the country? If so, how and who is responsible for doing it? Congress does not state which agency within the Executive branch is responsible for carrying out the legislative mandate. It also does not provide appropriations for funding this new endeavor. History IQ MY Media ' Previous Next * (5 Paraphrasing To Modules > 1: Post 9/... > Homeland SecurityAct of 2002 (5) Announcements The Homeland Security Act of 2002 esmblishes a cabinet-level department in the Executive branch headed by a Secretary of Homeland Security (SECDHS) with the mandate and legal Dashboard authority to protect the American people from the continuing threat of terrorism, In this Act, Congress assigns the SECDHS the primary missions to: SyHabus El - reduce the vulnerability of the US to terrorism at home; I Modules Courses _ o minimize the damage and assist in the recovery from terrorist attacks that occur; and Library Resources Grades 0 ensure that the overall economic security of the US is not diminished by efforts, activities, and programs aimed at securing the homeland." People if you were SECDHS, how would you carry out these missions? You have a nite number of assets (people) and resources (appropriated funding). You can delegate some of these responsibilities to the various DHS agencies - Coast Guard, Transportation Security Administration. Customs and Border Protection. and Secret Service. But as the head of DHS. it is your job to determine the priorities. Congress provides some guidance in the Homeland Security Act about how SECDHS is to carry out the missions. Specically. it tasks him or her to: o carry out comprehensive assessments of the vulnerabilities of US CIKR. including the performance of risk assessments to determine the risks posed by particular types of terrorist attacks; History Q 0 develop a comprehensive national plan for securing the CIKR of the US. including power production. generation, and distribution systems; IT and telecommunications systems (including satellites): electronic nancial and property record storage and transmission systems; emergency preparedness communications systems: and the physical and technological assets that MY Media support such systems; and . recommend measures necessary to protect US CIKR in coordination with other agencies of the federal government and in oo-operation with state and local government agencies and authorities. the private sector. and other entities. The problem however with this guidance is that the majority of the CIKR discussed about is privately owned. How does SECDHS convince a critical sector to allow the government to conduct vulnerability assessments, Will the government pay for these assessments? What happens if the government discovers a problem? Will the government pay for changes or will it the critical sector to absorb these costs. These questions must be answered before SECDHS can carry out the Congressionally mandated missions. Paraphrasing Tool X Intelligence Refor X E Pretrial Publicity: X Search Results | C X Course Hero x Paraphrasing Too X o Mail - Williams, Y X Passport to Parad X + C psu.instructure.com/courses/2283160/modules/items/39065048 Update : = HLS 475, ... > Modules > 1: Post 9/... > Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 2238 - 202324FA Print A A Account Home Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 Announcements The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 provides sweeping changes to the US Intelligence Community (IC) structure and processes, and creates new systems that are Dashboard specially designed to combat terrorism. Among other actions, and in reference to CIKR protection, this Act: Syllabus . Establishes the National Intelligence Council and redefines "national intelligence." (Focus on this new definition.) Courses Modules . Requires the establishment of a secure Information Sharing Environment (ISE) and an information-sharing council. (Focus on the composition/participants of the ISE.) Library Resources . Requires the DHS to improve preparedness nationally, especially measures to enhance interoperable communications and to report on vulnerability and risk assessments of the Nation's CIKR. Groups Grades . Directs measures to improve assistance to and coordination with state, local, and private sector entities.(Focus on the measures.) People When looking at this law, I'd like you to consider the issue of security clearances. In order to receive classified information, a person must have a security clearance - Secret, Top Secret, etc. It Calendar takes several months to receive this clearance and the cost for obtaining this clearance can be $50,000 each. Who pays for a county or state official to obtain a security clearance? The county, 48 state, or federal government? From the county and state perspective, do they have the resources do pay for the clearance? Answering this question will help you understand why so few state and county officials have clearances. Inbox In addition, how can classified information be shared with the private sector? Like state and county officials, few private sector individuals have a security clearance. How can the government share information with the private sector if they don't have the clearance to receive it? In addition, what happens if individuals within a company receive classified information? Who do they History share it with? The CEO? Their stakeholders? These questions must be answered by the federal government and the individual receiving the information before it can be shared. My Media V Notices ? Previous Next Help KParaphrasing Tool X Implementing Rec X E Pretrial Publicity: X Search Results | C X Course Hero x Paraphrasing Too X Mail - Williams, Y X Passport to Parad X + C psu.instructure.com/courses/2283160/modules/items/39065053 Update : Print A A 2238 - 202324FA Home Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 - Add language Announcements The Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 requires the implementation of some of the recommendations made by the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (9/11 Commission). Account Syllabus CI Sectors and Grants Modules Section 101 amends the Homeland Security Act by including a new definition of critical infrastructure sectors. These sectors are: Dashboard Library Resources Agriculture and food . Banking and finance Courses Grades . Chemical industries People . Commercial facilities Groups . Commercial nuclear reactors, materials, and waste . Dams Calendar dustrial ba . Emergency services . Energy Inbox . Government facilities Information technology History National monuments and icons . Postal and shipping . Public health and health care My Media . Telecommunications V . Transportation systems Water Notices When looking at this list, I'd like you to consider whether or not any sectors are missing. If you were Congress, which sectors would you add? In addition, which sectors would you drop? This ? list was created thirteen years ago so the argument can be made that it is time to update the list. Help Section 101 also creates homeland security grants for high-risk urban areas. The stated purpose for these grants is "to assist high-risk urban areas in preventing, preparing for, protecting against, and responding to acts of terrorism" and Congress appropriated a significant amount of funding to carry out these grants: . $850,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; K . $950,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;Paraphrasing Tool X Implementing Rec X E Pretrial Publicity: X Search Results | C X Course Hero x Paraphrasing Too X o Mail - Williams, Y X Passport to Parad X + C psu.instructure.com/courses/2283160/modules/items/39065053 Update : . Transportation systems Water 2238 - 202324FA When looking at this list, I'd like you to consider whether or not any sectors are missing. If you were Congress, which sectors would you add? In addition, which sectors would you drop? This Home list was created thirteen years ago so the argument can be made that it is time to update the list. Announcements Section 101 also creates homeland security grants for high-risk urban areas. The stated purpose for these grants is "to assist high-risk urban areas in preventing, preparing for, protecting against, and responding to acts of terrorism" and Congress appropriated a significant amount of funding to carry out these grants: Account Syllabus . $850,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; Modules . $950,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; Dashboard Library Resources . $1,050,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; . $1, 150,000,000 for fiscal year 2011; Courses Grades . $1,300,000,000 for fiscal year 2012; and People . such sums as are necessary for fiscal year 2013, and each fiscal year thereafter. Groups The billions of dollars provided for high-risk urban areas are in addition to other homeland security grants programs - mass transit, ports, etc. I'd like you to consider whether or not Congress can or will continue to authorize these programs in the coming years. The budget cuts in the Defense Department have been significant and people are asking President Obama to provide more money for DOD. If he does so, the money will have to come from another department and that department could be DHS. Calendar National Asset Database and Annual Reports Section 1001 mandates the creation of a National Asset Database. The Secretary of Homeland Security is required to work with state and local officials to create, maintain, and update, as Inbox appropriate a national database of CIKR. I'd like you to consider how he/she can fulfill this mandate. First, how do you collect the information? Second, who makes the determination that the asset is indeed critical to the nation? Lastly, what happens if another asset becomes more important? Can an asset that has been listed in the past as critical be taken off the list? How does this happen and who would fight against this decision? These are hard questions to answer but they are ones that SECDHS faces on a daily basis. History Section 1002 includes a requirement for the SECDHS to report annually to Congress on the comprehensive risk assessments carried out for each CIKR sector, to include an evaluation of: My Media . Threats . Vulnerabilities V . Consequences Notices ? These reports should describe any actions or countermeasures recommended or taken by DHS or another [Sector-Specific Agency (SSA)] to address the issues identified in the assessments. But the problem for the private sector is that these reports can be classified. Most business owners and operators don't hold security clearances so how are they going to know if the Help government has determined that their assets are critical? More importantly, is SECDHS required to share this information with the private sector? The annual reports are shared every year with Congress, per the 9/11 Act. Similar reporting requirements was not included for the private sector. K(5 Paraphrasing Tor X D Summary X Pretrial Publicity X I H Search Resultsl X l u Course Hero x l (3 Paraphrasing Tor X l a Mail-Williams,' X l '' Passportto Para X l + v Modules > 1: Post 9/11 Legal Basis form > Summary ('5) Announcements Identifying national-level CIKR will continue to be a difficult task, notwithstanding all the arguable factors inuencing what actually makes it critical. With these 4 key federal statutes sewing as Dashboard the foundation, Congress set in motion initiatives that are sound. logical and dynamic. But these initiatives will be very difcult to sustain over the long term due to the current economic Syllabus situation and relative nature of criticality.[1] '2' Courses | Modules Congress realized throughout the process that not every CIKR entity could be protected, but by prioritizing which were critical to the nation, the process could begin. The difficulty will continually lie in the determination of risk and the various considerations in determining risk (i.e., should it be based on threat or the consequences from either destruction or incapacitation). Library Resources As you proceed through future lessons in this course, numerous other factors will be revealed making this enormous task even more challenging to execute and achieve. Questions will begin Grades to surface regarding responsibility (federal. state. tribal. county or private-sector) for funding protective measures. People Be sure to capture your questions regarding this lesson and address each with your Instructor and/or colleagues. [1] Although originally intended to identify and protect CIKR critical to the nation, the strategy has transitioned to incorporate CIKR that are critical to the states. tribal governments. counties. and even municipalities. Thus the relative nature of the word, "critical." History IQ My Media