Fromaneurophysiologicalperspective,difficultiesindecisionmakingmaybepartlyduetoanatomicalor functionalabnormitiesoftheorbitofrontalcortexandexecutivefunctioning(classlecture).Highimpulsivity hasadetrimentaleffectfordecisionmaking,asitcomprisesselfcontrolbetweencompetingrewards.Selfcontrolisespeciallyimportantwhenchoosingalargedelayedrewardoveranimmediatesmallreward(Domjan, 1998).Theconceptofdelaydiscountingisusedtostudyreinforcementchoicesbasedontheideathatthevalue ofareinforcerdeclinesasafunctionofhowyouhavetowaitforit(Domjan,1998).Themathematicalfunction, knownasthevaluediscountingfunctionV=M(1+kD),isusedtostudyvariablesofdecisionmaking.The valueofthereinforcer(V)isdirectlyrelatedtorewardmagnitude(M)andinverselyrelatedtorewarddelay(D) (Domjan,1998).Inthisequation,krepresentsadiscountingrateparameterthatdecreasesasthereinforcerisdelayed.Althoughtworewardsfunctionseventuallycrossoverwhichmakesthelargerdelayedmoreattractive withlongerdelaysindividualswithasmallerkshowsteeperdiscountingfunctionsandaresubjecttoimpulsive choiceofthesmall,instantreward.IndividualswithADHDarebelievedtomimicthisbehaviourwhen confrontedwithasmallinstantrewardoveralargerdistantreward.Thisimpulsivityisseeninastudyby Wilson,Mitchell,Musser,Schimitt&Nigg,wheretheylookedathypotheticalchoicesinADHDchildren betweentheagesof79yearsold.Thechildrenwereaskedtochosebetweena10$availableafteradelay(7, 30,9,180days)versussmallerimmediaterewards.TheresultsshowedthatADHDchildrenansweredquicker anddiscountedmoresteeplythanthecontrolchildrenwhencontemplatingdelayedreward.Thechildrenwith ADHDchosethesmallimmediaterewardsasthedelaysincreased,showingthatthelargerewardwasless valuabletothem. Explain in own words