Fuel Economy for Cars for City Driving Posted on every new car sold in the United States is a fuel economy rating that shows the miles per gallon the car is expected to achieve in actual city and highway use. Data showing these ratings for all cars and trucks are available in the U.S. Department of Energy's Fuel Economy Guide. A portion of the data for 230 cars is available in the file mini-case2.xls. Description for the data is as follows: Class Manufacturer Carline name Displ Cyl Trans Cty Hwy The class of the car (Compact, Midsize, Large) The manufacturer of the car The name of the car The displacement of the engine in liters The number of cylinders in the engine (4, 6, 8) The type of transmission (Automatic, Manual) The fuel economy rating for city driving in miles per gallon The fuel economy rating for highway driving in miles per gallon The objective of this study is to develop an estimated regression equation that can be used to estimate the fuel economy rating for city driving and an estimated regression equation that can be used to estimate the fuel economy rating for highway driving. Develop an estimated regression equation that can be used to estimate the fuel economy rating for city driving. Based on experience, the following variables are suitable for an initial model for such a purpose: Dependent variable: y=1/cty, that is the reciprocal of the above variable Cty Independent variables: x1=displ, x2=cyl, x3=class x4=trans Where x2, x3 and x4 are dummy variables taking the values as follows: 1, if the car is 4 cylinder, 1, if the car is Compact, x2 0, if the car is 6 cylinder, x3 0, if the car is Midsize, 1, if the car is 8 cylinder. 1, if the car is Largesize. 0, if automatic transmission, x4 1, if manual transmission. Do data analysis on the following questions: Question 1. Point out which independent variable is the most significant and which independent variable is the least significant. Use level 5% to summarize all significant variables. Use only the significant variables as the independent variables, fit the model between the dependent variable and these significant independent variables. Write down the estimated regression model. Question 2. Use the stepwise regression technique to select significant variables (alpha=5%) from all of the independent variables as provided above. Write down the final estimated regression model after the stepwise regression. Compare this model with the estimated regression model in Question 1 by using the three criteria: 1) the F-test for model assessment; 2) the t-test for significance of each independent variable; and 3) the R-square. Summarize some benefits for the model after the stepwise regression. Question 3. In the final estimated regression model in Question 3, please try to improve the model by considering the quadratic term displ2. Provide statistical analysis on whether it is necessary to add this quadratic term at level 5% by defining the hypothesis for adding this quadratic term and point out the p-value for this hypothesis. Question 4. In the final estimated regression model in Question 3, please try to improve the model by considering the interaction term between x2=cyl and x4=trans. Provide statistical analysis on whether it is necessary to add this interaction term at level 5% by defining the hypothesis for adding this interaction term and point out the p-value for this hypothesis. Question 5. Based on the analysis in Questions 1-4, please give your recommendation for the final model to be used for this study on the cars for city driving and provide some evidence for your recommendation. The evidence should be based on a comparison of the models by considering the three criteria: 1) the F-test for model assessment; 2) the t-test for significance of each independent variable; and 3) the R-square. Class COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS Manufacturer AUDI AUDI AUDI AUDI CHEVROLET CHEVROLET CHRYSLER CHRYSLER CHRYSLER DODGE DODGE DODGE DODGE FORD FORD FORD HONDA HONDA HONDA HONDA HYUNDAI HYUNDAI HYUNDAI HYUNDAI KIA KIA KIA KIA MAZDA MAZDA MERCEDES-BENZ MERCEDES-BENZ MITSUBISHI MITSUBISHI MITSUBISHI MITSUBISHI NISSAN NISSAN NISSAN NISSAN OLDSMOBILE OLDSMOBILE PONTIAC PONTIAC PONTIAC PONTIAC SAAB SAAB SATURN SATURN SUBARU SUBARU carline name A4 A4 QUATTRO CAVALIER SEBRING SEBRING CONVERTIBLE NEON/SRT-4/SX 2.0 STRATUS FOCUS CIVIC CIVIC HYBRID ACCENT/BRIO ELANTRA KIA RIO KIA SPECTRA PROTEGE/PROTEGE 5 C230 KOMPRESSOR LANCER SENTRA SENTRA ALERO GRAND AM SUNFIRE SAAB 9-3 SPORT SEDAN ION LEGACY/OUTBACK AWD AERIO CAMRY SOLARA COROLLA ECHO PRIUS GOLF GOLF JETTA JETTA S40 SEBRING 4-DR STRATUS 4-DR ACCORD SONATA OPTIMA MAZDA 6 GALANT ALTIMA SAAB 9-5 L200 CAMRY PASSAT 3.2CL A4 A4 QUATTRO 325I 325XI displ cyl 1.8 1.8 2.2 2.4 2.4 2 2.4 2.3 1.7 1.3 1.6 2 1.6 1.8 2 1.8 1.6 1.8 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.2 2 2.2 2.5 2 2.4 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.9 2 1.9 2 1.9 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.4 1.8 3.2 3 3 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS SUZUKI SUZUKI TOYOTA TOYOTA TOYOTA TOYOTA TOYOTA TOYOTA TOYOTA VOLKSWAGEN VOLKSWAGEN VOLKSWAGEN VOLKSWAGEN VOLKSWAGEN VOLKSWAGEN VOLKSWAGEN VOLKSWAGEN VOLVO CHRYSLER DODGE HONDA HONDA HYUNDAI HYUNDAI KIA KIA MAZDA MAZDA MITSUBISHI NISSAN NISSAN SAAB SAAB SATURN SATURN TOYOTA TOYOTA VOLKSWAGEN VOLKSWAGEN ACURA ACURA AUDI AUDI AUDI BMW BMW BMW BMW BMW BMW BMW BMW BMW 330I 330XI 525I 530I SEBRING SEBRING CONVERTIBLE STRATUS G35 JAGUAR X-TYPE IS 300 C240 C240 (4MATIC) C32 AMG C320 C320 (4MATIC) C320 SPORTS COUPE ALERO GRAND AM LEGACY/OUTBACK AWD CAMRY SOLARA JETTA PASSAT 4MOTION LESABRE PARK AVENUE IMPALA IMPALA 300 M CONCORDE/LHS CONCORDE/LHS INTREPID INTREPID INTREPID TAURUS BONNEVILLE AVALON 3.2TL 3.5RL A6 A6 QUATTRO A6 QUATTRO CENTURY REGAL CTS MALIBU MONTE CARLO MONTE CARLO SEBRING 4-DR STRATUS 4-DR ACCORD SONATA XG350 I35 JAGUAR S-TYPE 3.0 LITRE 3 3 2.5 3 3 2.7 3 3.5 2.5 3 2.6 2.6 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.4 3 3 2.8 2.8 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.8 3.5 2.7 3.5 2.7 3.5 3.5 3 3.8 3 3.2 3.5 3 2.7 3 3.1 3.8 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.8 2.7 2.7 3 2.7 3.5 3.5 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS BMW BMW BMW CHRYSLER CHRYSLER CHRYSLER CHRYSLER DODGE DODGE INFINITI INFINITI JAGUAR JAGUAR LEXUS LEXUS MERCEDES-BENZ MERCEDES-BENZ MERCEDES-BENZ MERCEDES-BENZ MERCEDES-BENZ MERCEDES-BENZ MERCEDES-BENZ MERCEDES-BENZ MERCEDES-BENZ OLDSMOBILE PONTIAC SUBARU TOYOTA VOLKSWAGEN VOLKSWAGEN VOLKSWAGEN VOLKSWAGEN BUICK BUICK CHEVROLET CHEVROLET CHRYSLER CHRYSLER CHRYSLER DODGE DODGE DODGE FORD PONTIAC TOYOTA ACURA ACURA AUDI AUDI AUDI AUDI BUICK BUICK OPTIMA ES 300 GS 300/GS 430 LS SABLE MAZDA 6 E320 DIAMANTE SEDAN GALANT ALTIMA MAXIMA GRAND PRIX GRAND PRIX SAAB 9-5 L300 CAMRY PASSAT S80/S80 EXECUTIVE 540I M45 XJ SPORT XJ8 CL500 CL55 AMG PASSAT 4MOTION 745I DEVILLE CROWN VICTORIA Q45 LS 430 GRAND MARQUIS MARAUDER TOWN CAR S430 S430 4MATIC S500 S500 4MATIC S55 AMG A6 QUATTRO A8 S8 SEVILLE JAGUAR S-TYPE 4.2 LITRE SUPER V8 VANDEN PLAS GS 300/GS 430 LS E500 AURORA A4 A4 QUATTRO CAVALIER SEBRING 2.7 3 3 3 3 3 3.2 3.5 3 3.5 3.5 3.1 3.8 3 3 3 2.8 2.9 4.4 4.5 4 4 5 5 4 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.3 5 5 5 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.2 4 4 4.3 3.9 5 4 1.8 1.8 2.2 2.4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 4 4 4 MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS COMPACT CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS CADILLAC CADILLAC CHEVROLET CHEVROLET CHEVROLET CHRYSLER DODGE DODGE HONDA HONDA HYUNDAI HYUNDAI HYUNDAI INFINITI JAGUAR JAGUAR KIA KIA LEXUS LEXUS LINCOLN-MERCURY LINCOLN-MERCURY MAZDA MAZDA MERCEDES-BENZ MITSUBISHI MITSUBISHI NISSAN NISSAN NISSAN NISSAN PONTIAC PONTIAC SAAB SATURN TOYOTA VOLKSWAGEN VOLKSWAGEN VOLVO BMW BMW BMW INFINITI JAGUAR JAGUAR MERCEDES-BENZ MERCEDES-BENZ VOLKSWAGEN BMW CADILLAC FORD INFINITI LEXUS NEON/SRT-4/SX 2.0 STRATUS FOCUS FOCUS CIVIC CIVIC HYBRID ACCENT/BRIO ELANTRA KIA RIO KIA SPECTRA PROTEGE/PROTEGE 5 C230 KOMPRESSOR LANCER LANCER LANCER EVOLUTION SENTRA SENTRA ALERO GRAND AM SUNFIRE SAAB 9-3 SPORT SEDAN ION LEGACY/OUTBACK AWD AERIO CAMRY SOLARA COROLLA ECHO GOLF GOLF JETTA JETTA ACCORD SONATA OPTIMA MAZDA 6 ALTIMA SAAB 9-5 L200 CAMRY PASSAT 3.2CL A4 QUATTRO 325I 325XI 330I 330XI 525I 530I SEBRING SEBRING CONVERTIBLE STRATUS G35 JAGUAR X-TYPE 2 2.4 2 2.3 1.7 1.3 1.6 2 1.6 1.8 2 1.8 1.6 2 2 1.8 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.2 2 2.2 2.5 2 2.4 1.8 1.5 1.9 2 1.9 2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.4 1.8 3.2 3 2.5 2.5 3 3 2.5 3 3 2.7 3 3.5 2.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS MIDSIZE CARS LINCOLN-MERCURY LINCOLN-MERCURY LINCOLN-MERCURY MERCEDES-BENZ MERCEDES-BENZ MERCEDES-BENZ MERCEDES-BENZ MERCEDES-BENZ AUDI AUDI AUDI CADILLAC JAGUAR JAGUAR JAGUAR LEXUS LINCOLN-MERCURY MERCEDES-BENZ OLDSMOBILE IS 300 C240 C320 C320 SPORTS COUPE GTI JETTA A6 QUATTRO CTS STRATUS 4-DR ACCORD SONATA JAGUAR S-TYPE 3.0 LITRE OPTIMA MAZDA 6 ALTIMA MAXIMA PASSAT 540I M5 3 2.6 3.2 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.2 2.7 3 2.7 3 2.7 3 3.5 3.5 2.8 4.4 4.9 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 8 trans Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto cty hwy 23 20 24 21 22 25 21 24 29 48 26 25 25 22 25 23 24 28 23 24 24 24 22 24 20 26 23 29 33 52 34 23 34 23 22 22 22 24 22 22 23 21 23 20 24 23 21 20 20 18 20 19 29 28 33 28 30 32 28 30 38 47 35 33 32 30 30 31 29 35 28 33 33 33 31 32 27 31 32 38 39 45 45 29 45 29 30 30 30 33 30 30 29 28 29 29 32 32 30 29 28 26 28 26 ctyreciprocal hwyreciprocal 0.0434782609 0.05 0.0416666667 0.0476190476 0.0454545455 0.04 0.0476190476 0.0416666667 0.0344827586 0.0208333333 0.0384615385 0.04 0.04 0.0454545455 0.04 0.0434782609 0.0416666667 0.0357142857 0.0434782609 0.0416666667 0.0416666667 0.0416666667 0.0454545455 0.0416666667 0.05 0.0384615385 0.0434782609 0.0344827586 0.0303030303 0.0192307692 0.0294117647 0.0434782609 0.0294117647 0.0434782609 0.0454545455 0.0454545455 0.0454545455 0.0416666667 0.0454545455 0.0454545455 0.0434782609 0.0476190476 0.0434782609 0.05 0.0416666667 0.0434782609 0.0476190476 0.05 0.05 0.0555555556 0.05 0.0526315789 0.0344827586 0.0357142857 0.0303030303 0.0357142857 0.0333333333 0.03125 0.0357142857 0.0333333333 0.0263157895 0.0212765957 0.0285714286 0.0303030303 0.03125 0.0333333333 0.0333333333 0.0322580645 0.0344827586 0.0285714286 0.0357142857 0.0303030303 0.0303030303 0.0303030303 0.0322580645 0.03125 0.037037037 0.0322580645 0.03125 0.0263157895 0.0256410256 0.0222222222 0.0222222222 0.0344827586 0.0222222222 0.0344827586 0.0333333333 0.0333333333 0.0333333333 0.0303030303 0.0333333333 0.0333333333 0.0344827586 0.0357142857 0.0344827586 0.0344827586 0.03125 0.03125 0.0333333333 0.0344827586 0.0357142857 0.0384615385 0.0357142857 0.0384615385 displ cyl 1.8 1.8 2.2 2.4 2.4 2 2.4 2.3 1.7 1.3 1.6 2 1.6 1.8 2 1.8 1.6 1.8 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.2 2 2.2 2.5 2 2.4 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.9 2 1.9 2 1.9 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.4 1.8 3.2 3 3 2.5 2.5 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto 20 18 20 19 20 21 20 19 19 18 19 19 17 20 19 19 20 20 19 20 21 19 20 17 21 19 18 21 19 21 19 18 20 17 21 19 18 20 18 18 20 17 18 20 21 19 16 21 21 19 17 20 18 28 25 28 27 28 28 28 26 26 24 25 25 21 26 25 25 29 29 26 27 31 26 29 27 32 29 27 29 27 29 27 27 28 27 29 29 24 27 25 26 29 27 26 29 32 29 20 28 30 27 26 26 26 0.05 0.0555555556 0.05 0.0526315789 0.05 0.0476190476 0.05 0.0526315789 0.0526315789 0.0555555556 0.0526315789 0.0526315789 0.0588235294 0.05 0.0526315789 0.0526315789 0.05 0.05 0.0526315789 0.05 0.0476190476 0.0526315789 0.05 0.0588235294 0.0476190476 0.0526315789 0.0555555556 0.0476190476 0.0526315789 0.0476190476 0.0526315789 0.0555555556 0.05 0.0588235294 0.0476190476 0.0526315789 0.0555555556 0.05 0.0555555556 0.0555555556 0.05 0.0588235294 0.0555555556 0.05 0.0476190476 0.0526315789 0.0625 0.0476190476 0.0476190476 0.0526315789 0.0588235294 0.05 0.0555555556 0.0357142857 0.04 0.0357142857 0.037037037 0.0357142857 0.0357142857 0.0357142857 0.0384615385 0.0384615385 0.0416666667 0.04 0.04 0.0476190476 0.0384615385 0.04 0.04 0.0344827586 0.0344827586 0.0384615385 0.037037037 0.0322580645 0.0384615385 0.0344827586 0.037037037 0.03125 0.0344827586 0.037037037 0.0344827586 0.037037037 0.0344827586 0.037037037 0.037037037 0.0357142857 0.037037037 0.0344827586 0.0344827586 0.0416666667 0.037037037 0.04 0.0384615385 0.0344827586 0.037037037 0.0384615385 0.0344827586 0.03125 0.0344827586 0.05 0.0357142857 0.0333333333 0.037037037 0.0384615385 0.0384615385 0.0384615385 3 3 2.5 3 3 2.7 3 3.5 2.5 3 2.6 2.6 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.4 3 3 2.8 2.8 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.8 3.5 2.7 3.5 2.7 3.5 3.5 3 3.8 3 3.2 3.5 3 2.7 3 3.1 3.8 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.8 2.7 2.7 3 2.7 3.5 3.5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Manual Manual Manual Manual 20 21 18 20 20 19 19 17 20 19 20 20 17 18 21 20 19 20 17 17 17 17 16 14 18 18 18 18 17 19 17 17 17 17 16 16 16 14 17 17 16 18 17 16 17 18 18 16 17 22 21 26 24 27 29 25 26 28 27 27 25 27 26 26 29 27 26 29 28 27 28 21 23 24 24 22 22 25 26 27 26 23 25 25 23 25 24 22 22 21 22 25 25 21 27 26 22 24 23 24 23 26 31 29 33 32 0.05 0.0476190476 0.0555555556 0.05 0.05 0.0526315789 0.0526315789 0.0588235294 0.05 0.0526315789 0.05 0.05 0.0588235294 0.0555555556 0.0476190476 0.05 0.0526315789 0.05 0.0588235294 0.0588235294 0.0588235294 0.0588235294 0.0625 0.0714285714 0.0555555556 0.0555555556 0.0555555556 0.0555555556 0.0588235294 0.0526315789 0.0588235294 0.0588235294 0.0588235294 0.0588235294 0.0625 0.0625 0.0625 0.0714285714 0.0588235294 0.0588235294 0.0625 0.0555555556 0.0588235294 0.0625 0.0588235294 0.0555555556 0.0555555556 0.0625 0.0588235294 0.0454545455 0.0476190476 0.0384615385 0.0416666667 0.037037037 0.0344827586 0.04 0.0384615385 0.0357142857 0.037037037 0.037037037 0.04 0.037037037 0.0384615385 0.0384615385 0.0344827586 0.037037037 0.0384615385 0.0344827586 0.0357142857 0.037037037 0.0357142857 0.0476190476 0.0434782609 0.0416666667 0.0416666667 0.0454545455 0.0454545455 0.04 0.0384615385 0.037037037 0.0384615385 0.0434782609 0.04 0.04 0.0434782609 0.04 0.0416666667 0.0454545455 0.0454545455 0.0476190476 0.0454545455 0.04 0.04 0.0476190476 0.037037037 0.0384615385 0.0454545455 0.0416666667 0.0434782609 0.0416666667 0.0434782609 0.0384615385 0.0322580645 0.0344827586 0.0303030303 0.03125 2.7 3 3 3 3 3 3.2 3.5 3 3.5 3.5 3.1 3.8 3 3 3 2.8 2.9 4.4 4.5 4 4 5 5 4 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.3 5 5 5 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.2 4 4 4.3 3.9 5 4 1.8 1.8 2.2 2.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual Manual 29 24 26 25 32 46 29 24 26 24 24 21 28 27 18 28 24 26 26 26 23 26 21 26 23 32 35 42 24 42 24 26 22 23 25 23 22 23 23 22 19 18 20 19 21 20 20 21 21 20 21 20 19 36 32 34 33 38 51 33 33 33 32 30 30 33 33 26 36 29 33 33 33 31 33 27 32 33 40 43 49 31 49 31 34 30 30 32 29 31 31 33 31 28 25 29 27 30 27 29 30 29 27 29 27 28 0.0344827586 0.0416666667 0.0384615385 0.04 0.03125 0.0217391304 0.0344827586 0.0416666667 0.0384615385 0.0416666667 0.0416666667 0.0476190476 0.0357142857 0.037037037 0.0555555556 0.0357142857 0.0416666667 0.0384615385 0.0384615385 0.0384615385 0.0434782609 0.0384615385 0.0476190476 0.0384615385 0.0434782609 0.03125 0.0285714286 0.0238095238 0.0416666667 0.0238095238 0.0416666667 0.0384615385 0.0454545455 0.0434782609 0.04 0.0434782609 0.0454545455 0.0434782609 0.0434782609 0.0454545455 0.0526315789 0.0555555556 0.05 0.0526315789 0.0476190476 0.05 0.05 0.0476190476 0.0476190476 0.05 0.0476190476 0.05 0.0526315789 0.0277777778 0.03125 0.0294117647 0.0303030303 0.0263157895 0.0196078431 0.0303030303 0.0303030303 0.0303030303 0.03125 0.0333333333 0.0333333333 0.0303030303 0.0303030303 0.0384615385 0.0277777778 0.0344827586 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