Functional Analysis Results *Each condition Lasted 5 minutes and was administered twice to ensure replicability Control: Assessor played with Emma while giving her attention ever 15-20 seconds. She had free access to all her preferred toys and did not have any demands placed on her. There were no consequences delivered for attempted head banging (actual headbanging was blocked to keep her safe). Alone: Assessor told Emma they'd be right back and stepped out of the room. The assessor watched Emma from the window for 5 minutes. There were no consequences delivered for head banging. Note that the room was covered in foam mats so that Emma couldn't hurt herself if she tried to hit her head. Attention: Assessor told Emma that they had to do some work, and turned away from her, looking down at their clipboard. Assessor gave Emma attention contingent on headbanging attempts (actual headbanging was blocked to keep her safe). When Emma tried to bang her head, the assessor turned to her and gave her a lot of attention for 15 seconds. After attention was provided, the assessor turned their back and repeated the contingency. Escape: Assessor told Emma that it was time to do some work and began administering work tasks. Assessor gave Emma breaks from the task contingent on headbanging attempts (actual headbanging was blocked to keep her safe). When Emma tried to bang her head, the assessor told her it was break time, and removed the task for 15 seconds. After 15 seconds elapsed, the assessor re-administered demands and repeated the contingency. Tangible: Assessor gave Emma access to a preferred toy, and then removed it from her every 20 seconds (e.g., "my turn!"). Assessor returned Emma's toy contingent on headbanging attempts (actual headbanging was blocked to keep her safe). When Emma tried to bang her head, the assessor said, "okay here's your toy!", and gave her toy back for 20 seconds. After the 20 seconds elapsed, the assessor removed the toy and repeated the contingency. Note: if Emma did not bang her head when the toy was removed, it was re-delivered after 45 seconds had elapsed. Control Alone Attention Escape Tangible 1 2 2 0 3 4 5 13 1 0 6 0 7 0 8 18 9 10 1 1