Gaius Marius established the Roman army as a professional, long$-$service corps with loyalty to the generals rather than to the state by

Select one:

a$.$ recruiting landless men who would owe their livelihood to their general.

b$.$ placing soldiers on a payroll, making official the client$-$patron relationship between soldier and commander.

c$.$ promising land to the soldiers after their term of service.

d$.$ All these answers are correct.