Geoffrey Brennan and Loren Lomasky guarantee that vote based approach is one-sided to lean toward "expressive interests" and disregard pragmatic and utilitarian contemplations. Brennan and Lomasky separate between instrumental interests (any sort of pragmatic advantage, both money related and non-financial) and expressive interests (types of articulation like commendation). As indicated by Brennan and Lomasky, the mystery of casting a ballot can be settled by separating among expressive and instrumental interests