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An experiment is carried out to determine the viscosity of WATER and SODIUM CHLORIDE using ostwald viscometer.

DETERMINATION OF VISCOSITY OF LIQUIDS AIM: The determine the viscosity of the given liquids using Ostwald viscometerPRINCIPLE: The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal notion of "thickness" For example, honey has a higher viscosity than water. Ostwald Viscometer (Capillary viscometer) which consists of two bulbs, one attached with a capillary tube and U-tube below the capillary tube while other bulb is attached to the other arm of U-tube at a level lower than the other bulb. The liquids of known densities are allowed to flow through the capillary maintaining the same differences of levels in the limbs and the time equation which governs the flow lead to the relation: 3/16 Where and are viscosity coefficients of the liquid and water, respectively and dl and d2 are the densities of liquid and water, respectively. Knowing the value of viscosity of one liquid, one can calculate the viscosity of other liquids. Materials and apparatus: Viscometer, beaker, pipette, stopwatch, different samples. PROCEDURE: The procedure for measurement of viscosity is as follows. 1. The viscometer is fixed vertically on the stand and 15 mL of water is pipetted into the lower bulb. The volume of water (15 mL.) is chosen so that the liquid can be conveniently sucked into the upper bulb leaving some in the lower bulb. 2. Water is sucked up into the other bulb to a point about the mark above the bulb. 3. Now it is released and stop clock is started when the meniscus crosses the mark. 4. The clock is stopped when the mark below the bulb is passed. 5. The time is recorded at the moment. 6. The same procedure is repeated twice or thrice and their average is used in calculations. 7. Similarly, the experiment is repeated with the given liquid. 8. Then calculate the viscosity. The viscosity of water at room temperature is used from the tables (usually water, i.e. 1.0019 cps).RESULTS: Sample TI T2 T3 Mean Comment (min) (min) (min) Tap water 03.30 03.36 03.57 03.41 Tap water is a newtonian fluid Sodium chloride | 05.30 05.47 05.26 05.34 Sodium chloride is a newtonian fluid CALCULATIONS: n1 = 1.0019 cps d1 = 0.997 d2 = 1.0046 g/ml ni tidi 12 tzd2 t2d2 12 = tidi (5.34)(1.0046) 12 - x 1.0019 (3.41)(0.997) 12 = 1.581 cps n1 is the viscosity of water (1.0019 cps) 12 is the viscosity of sodium chloride (1.581 cps)Styles RESULTS: Sample T2 T3 Mean Comment (min (min) (min) Tap water 03.30 03.36 03.57 03.41 Tap water is a newtonian fluid Sodium chloride | 05.30 05.47 05.26 05.34 Sodium chloride is a newtonian fluidOther from that. temperature, molecular weight. and pressure are all elements that inuence the viscosity of a liquid. To begin with. the temperature of the liquid rises and its viscosity falls. Following that, as the liquid's molecular weight rises, so does its viscosity. Finally, increasing the pressure on liquids increases the viscosity because the attraction force between the liquid molecules rises. And there is also two phenomena that can explain about the viscosity which is shear thinning and shear thinking. Shear thinning is a non-Newtonian uid phenomenon in which the viscosity of the uid reduces as the shear stress increases. While shear thickening phenomena is where the liquids increase in viscosity as stress increases. During this experiment, there are some precaution steps that we should remember which is reading should be noted carefully, the apparatus should be rinsed with water and after sucking the liquid up to upper bulb of tube, the level should be kept stationary by holding with fingers