Given data................import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

import seaborn as sns

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plant_eph = [34,51,20,47,22,19,24,18,33,45,36,42,30,25,44,33,47,35,51,15,24,13,25,32,49,28,37,17,13,32,24,18,22]

plant_perm = [31,40,43,37,23,45,53,46,44,25,47,34,41,31,37,34,42,37,14,29,18,15,14,28]

invert_eph = [33,27,25,32,26,29,24,25,17,21,18,21,21,18,27,20,31,26,27,30,29,16,29,28,32,25,26,28,35,23,31,23,24]

invert_perm = [33,25,19,30,29,33,32,30,30,29,32,34,34,32,36,34,33,34,34,31,34,31,29,35].............................The study is in ""Can we analyze the data in this study as paired data? If not, describe a paired design that could be implemented to study the same research question. Categorize the paired design as one of the four types of paired designs given in lecture on paired sampling. "Freshwater wetlands are important ecosystems for many plants, invertebrates, and vertebrate animals. They can either be permanent or ephemeral (wet for part of the year and dry for other parts of the year). Scientists collected a variety of data for randomly selected wetlands in a preserve in Wisconsin. Determine if plant species richness (number of species) differs between permanent and ephemeral wetlands in this preserve. (Study and data from Amanda Little, University of Wisconsin - Stout)"

For each exercise below, go through the following steps (as well as any additional steps, as specified):.......................................... a. Visualize data by group. ..........................................................b. Describe the appropriate null hypothesis, measure to describe the groups, measure to compare the groups, box model, and sample size for the study. .........................................c. Calculate p-value for NHST using the appropriate method. Make sure you specify which method you're using from the list in #2 above. Include your histogram of simulations results with observed result indicated. Comment on any lines that are different from the standard Big Box method. If you are comparing three or more groups, make sure you determine between which two groups any difference occurs. ..................................d. Calculate 99% confidence interval for the effect size(s) using the appropriate method if possible. e. Interpret your results from steps (c) and (d) in the context of the study.