Given the following description, at what level of measurement is the data being collected? As part of the survey, participants were asked to provide concrete examples of some of the ways in which their own organizations had recently used social media during the emergency management cycle. Overall, their comments suggested that such use most commonly included: (a) providing warnings, advice and guidance to citizens on how to cope with or prevent emergencies or disasters; (b) disseminating hints and advice on how to behave during an emergency as well as coordinating the help of volunteers, and (c) sharing summary information or reports with citizens after the emergency, and coordinating clean-up activities