Given the following I$/$O scenarios on a single$-$user PC:

a$.$ A mouse used with a graphical user interface

b$.$ A tape drive on a multitasking operating system $($with no device preallocation available$)$

c$.$ A disk drive containing user files

d$.$ A graphics card with a direct bus connection, accessible through memory$-$mapped I$/$O

For each scenario, discuss the optimal design considerations for the operating system. Would you recommend using buffering, spooling, caching, or a combination? Additionally, would you suggest employing polled I$/$O or interrupt$-$driven I$/$O$?$ Provide reasons for your recommendations