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Please assist with completing the below teplate for proposal, also note the guideline on teplate. I attached a picture of my topic;

3.5 Target Population and Sampling 3.5.1 Target Population The target population must be defined with reference (Who does the population comprise of?). Here you will indicate the population from which the sample was extracted. 3.5.2 Kinds of Sampling There are two broad sampling methods Probability and Non-probability With probability sampling, the likelihood of any one member (or element) of the population being selected, is known. In non-probability sampling, the exact number of elements in the population is unknown, meaning that the likelihood of selecting any one member of the population is unknown. The choice of sampling method will be dependent on the research questions, methodology chosen, and whether you want to generalize the results from the sample to the larger population. Each method has a number of sampling techniques available. Once a decision has been made on which overall sampling method will be used, (probability OR non-probability), a sampling technique needs to be chosen. The lists below are not exhaustive but rather illustrate some of the more popular options. Briefly discuss the relevant options, highlight the sampling method and technique you had chosen, motivate why it was the most suitable option, and detail how the sampling was executed. Refer to the below information on the different types of sampling and the corresponding sampling techniques: 3.5.2.1 Probability Sampling The probability sampling technique only applies to a quantitative research study. Examples of probability sampling methods include the following: Simple Random Sampling: Each population element has an equal chance of being selected into the sample. Sample drawn using random number table/generator. Systemic Sampling: A type of probability sampling method in which sample members from a larger population are selected according to a random starting point and a fixed periodic interval (every kth element). This interval, called the sampling interval, is calculated by dividing the population size by the desired sample size. Stratified Sampling: Divide population into sub-populations or strata and use simple random sampling or systematic sampling on each stratum. Cluster Sampling: Population is divided into internally heterogeneous sub-groups and an entire cluster is then chosen to be part of the sample. 3.5.2.2 Non-probability Sampling The non-probability sampling technique only applies to a qualitative research study. Examples of probability sampling include the following: Haphazard / Convenience Sampling: The researcher selects a sample that is convenient or easy to access. Quota Sampling: A sample in a predetermined group is selected, has the same proportions of individuals as the entire population with respect to known characteristics. Purposive / Judgmental Sampling: Is a sampling technique in which researchers rely on their own judgment when choosing members of the population to participate in their study. Snowball Sampling: The researcher will select an element (participant) that is connected to another element. The first will refer the researcher to the next and so on. Hence, the reference to a snowball. Maximum Variation Sampling: The researcher identifies the categories of interest in relation to the research topic and then intentionally seeks out subjects or settings which represent the greatest possible range of differences in the phenomena being studied. Remember: You are only required to discuss the kind of sampling (probability OR non-probability) and sampling techniques associated with the methodology that had been chosen. For example: If the qualitative research method was chosen then select non-probability sampling and an appropriate non-probability sampling technique. The chosen technique then needs to be defined and discussed using relevant theory and then justify the selection of the specific technique. 3.5.3 Sample Size The sample size must be explicitly stated (ensure that you justify why the sample size was chosen). If you are using the quantitative research approach your sample size (number of respondents) should be a minimum of 50 (as per MANCOSAs requirements). If you are using the qualitative research approach your sample size should be 8 10 respondents (as per MANCOSAs requirements). 3.6 Research Instrument The research instrument should have been developed at the research proposal phase. However, should there be any changes to the objectives and the literature review, you will need to ensure that the research instrument is adjusted accordingly. There are many different measuring instruments that can be utilized to collect the necessary data to answer the research questions. This discussion should include why particular instruments were used over others and what their appropriateness is to the study. The most commonly chosen research instruments are questionnaires and interviews. The research instrument that was used should be indicated and described (these would generally include a survey or interview schedule). Thereafter, provide a discussion on how it was developed and its structure (number of questions, the different sections and so on). Remember: For every research question in the introduction section there should be at least: 3 questions for a qualitative study excluding the demographics 5 questions for a quantitative study excluding the demographics The questions you need to answer in this section are: 1. What research instrument options are there? 2. Which research instrument have you chosen and why? 3. How will your instrument answer the research questions? 4. How will the research instrument be administered? 3.7 Pilot study Define the term pilot study and explain the benefits/importance of conducting a pilot study. Discuss how many participants were targeted for the pilot study. For a quantitative study, the questionnaire should have been piloted on a sample of 10 participants. For qualitative studies, the interview questions should have been piloted using 1-2 participants. 3.8 Reliability and validity (Quantitative)/ Trustworthiness (Qualitative) (select one in alignment with the selected research methodology) For a quantitative study discuss the following: Validity and Reliability Validity and reliability deal with measurement quality. Validity addresses the issue of whether the researcher is actually measuring what he/she has set out to measure. There are four specific criteria of validity each of which the researcher would ideally want to establish for the research instrument prior to administering it for the actual study. You will discuss how the four specific criteria for validity were considered in the questionnaire construction. These include: Construct validity identifies how well the research instrument measures the components of the research that it is meant to measure. Content validity determines the degree to which the research instrument addresses the components of the study and the research topic. Criterion-related validity determines how well the questions used in the research instrument measure the outcomes of the study. Face validity is a simple form of validity where you apply a superficial and subjective assessment of whether or not your study or test measures what it is supposed to measure Reliability of a research instrument refers to the consistency or repeatability of the measurement of the phenomena. There are four criteria for reliability. Discuss how these criteria for reliability were used in the questionnaire construction, as seen below. Parallel forms of reliability is a measure of reliability obtained by administering different versions of an assessment/ research tool (both versions must contain items that probe the same construct, skill, knowledge base, etcetera) to the same group of individuals. Test-retest reliability addresses the rigour of the research instrument by testing the same research instrument twice over the same period of time. Internal consistency reliability determines how regularly the same answer is provided, particularly when measuring a specific variable. The consistency of the same response shows a reliability of the test. Inter-rater reliability address the degree of agreement among the respondents. For a qualitative study, you are required to discuss the trustworthiness of the study. Criteria for Trustworthiness: Credibility addresses how reliable the information provided in the study is. This is determined by ensuring that the sources of the information provided are reliable, in terms of peer-reviewed and accredited sources. Transferability this determines the degree to which the results of the study can be generalized to another context or setting, when the concepts of the study are similar. Dependability addresses the rigour of the data and results of the study through various challenges, like changes that occur through time. Confirmability refers to how consistent the results of the study are with those of other reliable authors. You compare the results of the study with those of other studies to identify if the results are in-line with those of the other studies. 3.9 Data analysis This section must include a discussion on how data will be analysed. For a quantitative study: Discuss descriptive and inferential statistics If you incorporated inferential statistics, the specific tests and measures that were applied to analyse the raw data must be referred to. Specify the analysis software that was used (e.g. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS); Microsoft Excel). Thereafter, provide a discussion on the selected technique. For a qualitative study: Specify which data analysis technique was used, for example, thematic analysis and so on. Specify the analysis software that was used (e.g. NVivo) Qualitative data analysis requires you to capture the literal responses from participants. This can be through audio-recordings or through written responses from participants. Note that the results from participants will be quoted in the presentation of results, as the direct words used by participants will represent the results of the study. 3.10 Research Ethics: Key Considerations Provide a discussion on the following ethical considerations, citing relevant sources: Ensuring participants have given informed consent; Ensuring no harm comes to participants; Ensuring confidentiality and anonymity; and Ensuring that permission is obtained. For each of the considerations discussed, you will need to define the consideration with reference and specify exactly what measures were taken to ensure that these were upheld in your study. For example, to ensure that participants give informed consent, you may draft informed consent forms advising participants of the nature and the scope of the study. 4. PROPOSED TIMETABLE Consider the different sections of the research report. Formulate a table stating exactly when each vital stage in the research process will begin and when it will end. Take into consideration agreed upon feedback times from the supervisor. 5. REFERENCE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY LIST The Harvard system of referencing must be strictly adhered to. A correctly drafted reference and bibliography list is a minimum requirement for acceptance of the research proposal. Please ensure that all sources cited within the text are included in the bibliography. Sources must be cited in alphabetical order. As a general rule, do not number or bullet sources in the reference list and bibliography list. Must be presented in alphabetical order. Do not indent sources listed. The use of academic journal articles is compulsory. The use of Wikipedia and similar websites is not permitted as these are not considered to be credible academic sources. 6. APPENDICES

itle: Enhancing Teamwork Soft Skills in the Technology Sector 2 Background to the Problem: In the rapidly evolving landscape of the technology sector, the importance of soft skills, aarticularly teamwork, has gained significant recognition. In the past, technical prowess was often considered sufficient for uccess, but as companies expand their horizons and work becomes increasingly collaborative, the need for effective teamwoi kills has become paramount. Technology companies are recognizing that fostering a culture of teamwork leads to better innovation, problem-solving, and overall project success. However, while technical skills are relatively easy to quantify and assess, measuring and developing soft skills like teamwork presents a unique challenge. 1.3 Problem Statement: A literature review of prominent journals within the technology sector reveals a gap in research focused on systematically enhancing teamwork skills among technology professionals. While numerous studies have explored technical advancements, few have delved into the systematic development of teamwork skills among employees in technology companies. This gap in research highlights the need to investigate strategies for identifying, developing, and assessing teanwwork skills within the technology sector. 1.4 Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to investigate effective methods for enhancing teamwork soft skills within the technology sector. By doing so, the study sought to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of how technology companies can strategically foster effective teamwork, thereby promoting better collaboration, innovation, and project cutcomes. 1.5 Research Objectives: The study's objectives wore as follows: 1. To determine the key components of effective teemwork in the technology sector. 2. To identify challenges and barriers hindering the devolopment of teamwork skills among technology professionais. 3. To establish strategies and best practices for promoting and cultivating teamwork skills in technology comparies. 16 Research Questions: The following research questions were derived from the research objectives: 1. What are the essential components of effective teamwork in the technology sector? 2. What challenges and barriers do technology professionals encounter in developing their teamwork skills? 3. What strategies and best practices can technology companies implement to enhance teamwork skills among their employees? 17 Research Method: This study will primarily emp.oy qualitative research methods. Qualitative research, characterized by indepth interviews and surveys, will enable the exploration of participants experiences, perceotions, and insights related to teamoork skills within the technology sector. This approach is chosen due to its ability to capture the nuanced aspects of soft skills development and its relevarice in the natural setting of the phenomenon under study. 1.8 Target Population: The target population for this research will be technology professionais working in the softu are development department of various technology companies. This specific group was chosen due to the nature of software cevelopment projects, where effective teamwork is crucial for success: Sample Size. The tample will consist of 130 employees from CCBA Phoenix plant Interviews will be conducted x Harvard Style Reference List a gerieric examole of how to forma