Greenlandic Eskimo Vowels Please turn to page 50 in your workbook - the exercise on Greenlandic Eskimo vowels is your focus this time. Follow the instructions to that exercise. Please be sure to read the following guidelines as well: There are two sounds in the data that are likely to be new or unfamiliar to you: these are the sounds [q] and [R]. These sounds are both uvular sounds, and their full phonological featural descriptions can be found on page 17 (for [R]) and page 19 (for [q]). BIG HINT: You may find it helpful to understand their featural make-up when solving the problem. explain the data. The data in Part A require one rule, and the data in Part B require a separate rule. Do not try to write one rule to account for both Part A and Part B you must write two rules. (1) Begin your write-up by introducing the problem. | 2) Next, present and discuss the environments in which each allophone occurs, carefully checking to be sure you've listed them accurately. Begin with a sentence introducing your list, such as \"Here, I present the phonological environments in which each sound occurs.\" Then present your lists, and discuss whether each of the sounds occurs in a restricted phonological environment. For this problem, make separate lists for Part A and Part B. 3) Based on your discussion of the environments in which each sound occurs, you should next discuss which two non-low vowels are the underlying phonemes for the four surface vowels. This discussion must cite data from (2) above in support of your hypothesis. Write a plain English statement for each part of the data (A and B) describing where the allophones occur. 4) Write formal rules for each part of the data (A and B) that account for the pattern you articulated in (4). In Part A, the data shows one of the phonological processes we have discussed in class. Which process listed below is occurring in part A of the data and why? - Non-local assimilation - Local assimilation - Epenthesis - Deletion - Dissimilation - Metathesis - Neutralization (%) Based upon your answer in (4) above, write down the lexical or underlying form for each of the surface forms on Page 50. Remember that lexical or underlying forms only contain unpredictable information. This means that only phonemes may occur in such representations and be sure to write your lexical or underlying forms between slashes (/.../). Finish with a concluding sentence or paragraph that summarizes your findings and how you reached them. When you write up the solution to this problem, you should find it helpful to follow the guidelines on solving phonology problems and presenting the solution on pages 30-33 of your workbook. Your write-up should be structured according to these guideline Greenlandic Eskimo Vowels The four surface vowels [i, e, u, o] of Greenlandic Eskimo (Inuit, Greenland) are derived from only two underlying vowel phonemes. Examine the environments in which the different nonlow vowels occur in the data below. A ivnaq 'bluff ipeRaq 'harpoon strap' maq 'sea tuluvaq 'raven' itumaq 'palm of hand' nanoq 'bear' iseRaq 'ankle' sermeq 'glacier' qasaloq 'bark' ikusik 'elbow' qilaluvaq 'white whale' qatigak 'back' sakiak 'rib ugsik 'cow' ORpeq 'tree' nerdloq goose' marRaq 'clay' B. sava 'sheep' nuna 'land' ine room iga 'pot isse eye' igdlo 'house' sako 'tool' Determine the two underlying nonlow vowel phonemes and state the rules accounting for the distribution of their allophones. Do not try to unify the rules determined by the data in A and B. In this case, you will need two separate rules. Surface inventory: Underlying inventory: [-back] [+back] [-back] [+back] [i] [u] ? 2 [e] [o] [a] la/[+pharyngeal, -ATR]). 2. Sonorant consonants: C (when non-syllabic; otherwise: "V") (resonants) + cons + son m n n n n N 1 OF y r r R approximant + + + + + + + coronal + + + + + + + + + + anterior + + + distributed + + + dorsal + + + + + high + low back + + + labial + continuant + + + + + + + lateral + + + nasal + + + + + + + voice + + + + + + + + + + + +4. a. palatal b. affricates obstruents + cons - son approx C C i d ts pf corona + + + + coronal + + + + anterior anterior + distributed + + + distributed + dorsal + + + + labial + high + + + + dorsal + ( +) low high + (+ back low - (-) continuant + + back (-) (-) strident strident + + + + + voice + + voice + + 5. Noncoronal obstruents: C + cons - son - approx b PW pi f V B k g KW X q G X h S labial + + + round + + dorsal + + + + + + + + + high + + + low back + + + + + + pharyngeal + + continuant + + + + + + strident + + + voice + + + + + 6. a. Glottalized and aspirated consonants b. Laryngeals 19