Greta, the manager of a company, has implemented a payments$-$for$-$suggestions plan whereby employees get paid for providing valid suggestions that can help the company. She found that not many employees came forward with suggestions. Upon further investigation, she found out that employees did not think that they would actually be paid for making suggestions. So$,$ she made the payments$-$for$-$suggestions plan part of their work contract, which guaranteed that they would be paid. According to Vroom$$s expectancy$$valence theory, Greta has increased the $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ of her plan to motivate her employees.

Group of answer choices

instrumentality

expectancy

valence

reinforcement