$//$ Hardware: Two buttons with GPIO pullup resistors.

$//$ The LCD.

$//$

$//$

$//$ Problem Statement: Build an Arduino project that uses two buttons and the LCD. One button will

$//$ clear the LCD and re$-$initialize counter variable to zero. If button $==$ pushed, clear LCD $//$ and counter $=0.$

$//$ The second button will enter a while loop and increment the counter variable by one

$//$ and display value on LCD. While button $==$ pushed, counter $=$ counter $+1$ and write counter

$//$ value to display.

$//$ Note: $16-$bit integer range of $-32,768$ to $32,767.$ Then rolls over to zero.

$//$

$//****$ Pseudocode Algorithm $****$

$//$

$//$ create a global integer variable counter and initialize to zero

$//$

$//$ setup$()$

$//$

$//$ set pin $4$ as input for button one with a pullup resistor

$//$ set pin $5$ as input for button two with a pullup resistor

$//$ setup pins for LCD $$ use Lab$-4$ as your guide

$//$

$//$

$//$ loop$()$

$//$

$//$ if $($ button one pushed $)$

$//$

$//$ clear LCD $//$ command from Lab$-4$

$//$

$//$ counter $=0$

$//$

$//$

$//$ while$($ button two pushed $)$

$//$

$//$ counter $=$ counter $+1$

$//$

$//$ write counter value to LCD $//$ commands from Lab$-4$

$//$

$//$ end while loop

$//$

$//$

$//$ end loop

Question: What is smallest value you can get for count variable $$ shortest time pushed button two $?$

$\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

Question: What is highest value you can get for count variable $$ longest time push button two $?$

$\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

Question: Change program so the counter variable subtracts one, instead of adds one. What is smallest $($negative$)$ value you can get for count variable $$ longest time button two pushed $?$

$\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

CHEGG'S CODE ANSWER PROVIDED IS AS FOLLOWS:

Based on the provided pseudocode algorithm, let's translate it into an Arduino sketch:

#include

$//$ Define LCD pins

LiquidCrystal lcd$(12,11,5,4,3,2)$;

$//$ Global counter variable

int counter $=0$;

void setup$()\{$

$//$ Set up LCD

lcd.begin$(16,2)$;

$//$ Set up button pins with pull$-$up resistors

pinMode$(4,$ INPUT$\_$PULLUP$)$; $//$ Button $1$

pinMode$(5,$ INPUT$\_$PULLUP$)$; $//$ Button $2$

$\}$

void loop$()\{$

$//$ Check if button one is pushed

if $($digitalRead$(4)==$ LOW$)\{$

$//$ Clear LCD and reset counter

lcd.clear$()$;

counter $=0$;

$\}$

$//$ Check if button two is pushed

while $($digitalRead$(5)==$ LOW$)\{$

$//$ Increment counter

counter$++$;

$//$ Write counter value to LCD

lcd.setCursor$(0,1)$;

lcd.print$("$Counter: $"+$ String$($counter$))$;

delay$(500)$; $//$ Add a delay to avoid rapid counting due to button bouncing

$\}$

$\}$

Explanation:

The LiquidCrystal library is used for interfacing with the LCD.

In the setup function, pins for buttons and LCD are initialized.

The loop function continuously checks the state of buttons.

If button one is pushed, it clears the LCD and resets the counter to zero.

If button two is pushed, it enters a while loop, incrementing the counter and displaying it on the LCD until the button is released.

A delay of $500$ milliseconds is included to avoid rapid counting due to button bouncing.

THE BREADBOARD AND CIRCUIT HAS BEEN WIRED CORRECTLY. THIS IS WHAT IS HAPPENING: THE BUTTON CONNECTED TO PIN $5$ IS RESETTING AND CLEARING THE LCD $($IT SHOULD BE PIN $4$ PER THE CODE$).$ THE BUTTON CONNECTED TO PIN $4$ DOES NOTHING AS OF NOW. ALSO, THE LCD BEGINS COUNTING CONTINUOUSLY $($BY $1)$ AS SOON AS THE CODE IS UPLOADED TO THE BOARD. PRESSING PIN $5$ RESETS THE LCD BACK TO ZERO, THEN THE LCD AGAIN BEGINS AUTOMATICALLY COUNTING UP BY $1$ ON ITS OWN WITH NO BUTTON INITIATING THE COUNTING. THANK YOU!