Helen Bowers, owner of Helen's Fashion Designs, is planning to request a line of credit from her bank. She has estimated the following sales forecasts for the firm for parts of 2021 and 2022:

May 2021 $ 160,000 June 160,000 July 320,000 August 480,000 September 640,000 October 320,000 November 320,000 December 80,000 January 2022 160,000

Estimates regarding payments obtained from the credit department are as follows: collected within the month of sale, 10%; collected the month following the sale, 75%; collected the second month following the sale, 15%. Payments for labor and raw materials are made the month after these services were provided. Here are the estimated costs of labor plus raw materials:

May 2021 $ 80,000 June 80,000 July 96,000 August 784,000 September 240,000 October 208,000 November 144,000 December 80,000

General and administrative salaries are approximately $36,000 a month. Lease payments under long-term leases are $12,000 a month. Depreciation charges are $48,000 a month. Miscellaneous expenses are $3,600 a month. Income tax payments of $61,000 are due in September and December. A progress payment of $185,000 on a new design studio must be paid in October. Cash on hand on July 1 will be $124,000, and a minimum cash balance of $95,000 should be maintained throughout the cash budget period.

Prepare a monthly cash budget for the last 6 months of 2021. All payments and expenses should be entered as positive numbers. Net cash losses, negative cash balance, negative cumulative cash, and cumulative loans outstanding, if any, should be indicated by a minus sign.

July August September October November December

Sales (gross) Collections During month of sale $ During 1st month after sale During 2nd month after sale Total collections $ Purchases Labor and raw materials $ Payments for labor and raw materials $

Cash gain or loss for month

Collections $ Payments for labor and raw materials $ General and administrative salaries Lease payments Miscellaneous expenses Income tax payments Design studio payment Total payments Net cash gain (loss) during month

Loan requirement or cash surplus Cash at start of month $ Cumulative cash $ Target cash balance Cumulative surplus cash or loans outstanding to maintain $95,000 target cash balance $

Prepare monthly estimates of the required financing or excess fundsthat is, the amount of money Bowers will need to borrow or will have available to invest. Required financing, if any, should be indicated by a minus sign.

Required financing or excess funds

July $ August $ September $ October $ November $ December $

c. Now suppose receipts from sales come in uniformly during the month (that is, cash receipts come in at the rate of 1/30 or 1/31 each day), but all outflows must be paid on the 5th. Will this affect the cash budget? That is, will the cash budget you prepared be valid under these assumptions? If not, what could be done to make a valid estimate of the peak financing requirements? No calculations are required, although if you prefer, you can use calculations to illustrate the effects

In a situation, where inflows and outflows are not synchronized during the month, it (is/is not) likely to be possible to use a cash budget centered on the end of the month. To make a valid estimate of the peak financing requirements, the company___ .

d. Bowers' sales are seasonal, and her company produces on a seasonal basis, just ahead of sales. Without making any calculations, discuss how the company's current and debt ratios would vary during the year if all financial requirements were met with short-term bank loans. Could changes in these ratios affect the firm's ability to obtain bank credit? Explain.

The months preceding peak sales would show (Increased/decreased) current ratio and (Increased/decreased) debt-to-capital ratio due to additional short-term bank loans. In the following months as receipts are collected from sales, the current ratio would ( decrease/Increase) and the debt-to-capital ratio would (Increase/decrease) . Abnormal changes in these ratios (Would/would not) affect the firm's ability to obtain bank credit.

E. If Bowers' customers began to pay late, collections would slow down, thus increasing the required loan amount. If sales declined, this also would have an effect on the required loan. Do a sensitivity analysis that shows the effects of these two factors on the maximum loan requirement. Enter your answers as positive numbers.

To complete the sensitivity analysis, follow these steps in excel: Ensure that cell A60 is a reference to cell B56 (i.e. =B56). Select/highlight cells A60 through H69 (A60:H69). From the top ribbon, select Data > Forecast > What-If-Analysis > Data Table For row input cell click on cell B5 or enter $B$5. For column input cell click on cell B14 or manually enter $B$14. Click "Ok".

% Collections in 2nd month Change in sales 0% 15% 30% 45% 60% 75% 90% -100 % $ fill in the blank 135 $ fill in the blank 136 $ fill in the blank 137 $ fill in the blank 138 $ fill in the blank 139 $ fill in the blank 140 $ fill in the blank 141 -75 % $ fill in the blank 142 $ fill in the blank 143 $ fill in the blank 144 $ fill in the blank 145 $ fill in the blank 146 $ fill in the blank 147 $ fill in the blank 148 -50 % $ fill in the blank 149 $ fill in the blank 150 $ fill in the blank 151 $ fill in the blank 152 $ fill in the blank 153 $ fill in the blank 154 $ fill in the blank 155 -25 % $ fill in the blank 156 $ fill in the blank 157 $ fill in the blank 158 $ fill in the blank 159 $ fill in the blank 160 $ fill in the blank 161 $ fill in the blank 162 0 % $ fill in the blank 163 $ fill in the blank 164 $ fill in the blank 165 $ fill in the blank 166 $ fill in the blank 167 $ fill in the blank 168 $ fill in the blank 169 25 % $ fill in the blank 170 $ fill in the blank 171 $ fill in the blank 172 $ fill in the blank 173 $ fill in the blank 174 $ fill in the blank 175 $ fill in the blank 176 50 % $ fill in the blank 177 $ fill in the blank 178 $ fill in the blank 179 $ fill in the blank 180 $ fill in the blank 181 $ fill in the blank 182 $ fill in the blank 183 75 % $ fill in the blank 184 $ fill in the blank 185 $ fill in the blank 186 $ fill in the blank 187 $ fill in the blank 188 $ fill in the blank 189 $ fill in the blank 190 100 % $ fill in the blank 191 $ fill in the blank 192 $ fill in the blank 193 $ fill in the blank 194 $ fill in the blank 195 $ fill in the blank 196 $ fill in the blank 197