Helix Company produces costumes used in the television and movie industries. Recently the company received an ongoing order for Samurai robes to be worn in an upcoming Japanese historical action series made for television. The company uses a standard costing system to assist in the control of costs. According to the standards set for these robes, the factory has a denominator activity level of 1,475 direct labour-hours each month, which should result in the production of 2,950 robes. The standard costs associated with this level of production are as follows:

	Total	Per Unit of Product
Direct materials	$	61,655	$	20.90
Direct labour	$	13,275		4.50
Variable manufacturing overhead*	$	7,375		2.50
Fixed manufacturing overhead*	$	4,425		1.50
			$	29.40
*Based on direct labour-hours

During April, the factory worked only 1,455 direct labour-hours and produced 3,200 robes. The following actual costs were recorded during the month:

	Total	Per Unit of Product
Direct materials (7,500 metres)	$	66,240	$	20.70
Direct labour	$	15,040		4.70
Variable manufacturing overhead	$	10,560		3.30
Fixed manufacturing overhead	$	4,480		1.40
			$	30.10

At standard, each robe should require 2.2 metres of material. All of the materials purchased during the month were used in production.

Required:

Compute the following variances for April:
1.	The materials price and quantity variances. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favourable, "U" for unfavourable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance).)

2.	The labour rate and efficiency variances. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favourable, "U" for unfavourable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance).)

3.	The variable manufacturing overhead spending and efficiency variances. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favourable, "U" for unfavourable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance).)