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Amino acids are so named because they contain an amine group and an acid group. Whenever an organic molecule contains some form of the word "amine," such as amino acid or ammonia, this indicates the molecule contains nitrogen.

Fill in the blank about the structure of an amino acid molecule.

An amino acid molecule consists of a central carbon, an amine group, an acid group, a hydrogen atom, and a ______________.

nucleotide

side chain

methionine group

disulfide bridge

LO3, Explain How Amino Acids Are Assembled to Form Proteins and the Relationship Between Protein Shape and Function

A protein's structure dictates its function. There are many hundreds of thousands of different proteins or more; each is composed of a different configuration of amino acids.

Complete the sentence below about protein structure.

______________ contain 10 or more amino acids linked together.

dipeptides

polypeptides

tripeptides

oligopeptides

Discuss the Relationship Between a High-Protein Diet and Heart Disease, Bone Loss, and Kidney Disease

Some people believe high-protein diets enhance health and well-being while others believe such diets are detrimental. Researchers continue to investigate the benefits and risks of consuming diets that provide more than the currently recommended levels of protein.

Fill in the blank about the relationship between a high-protein diet and kidney disease.

The relationship between a high-protein diet and risk for kidney disease _________.

is well-established and is negatively correlated

has not yet been studied

is well-established and is positively correlated

is controversial

Although most Americans generally consume more than adequate levels of protein, protein-energy malnutrition does plague certain populations in the United States and abroad, especially in developing countries. A variety of genetic disorders can also affect protein metabolism.

Fill in the blank about cystic fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis is a ______________.

type of protein-energy malnutrition that results when intakes of both protein and energy are inadequate

genetic disease in which individuals are unable to metabolize phenylalanine and, therefore, must tightly control their dietary intake of that amino acid

type of protein-energy malnutrition that results when energy intake is adequate, but protein intake is inadequate

genetic disease caused by an abnormal protein channel that results in thick, sticky mucus production and particularly affects the lungs and pancreas