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In today's digital world, cyber threats are everywhere, making life tough for people, businesses, and organizations worldwide. Virus attacks are especially troublesome. They sneak into computer systems, mess with data, and cost a lot of money. It's crucial to understand how these attacks work, how to stop them, and how to keep our digital stuff safe and strong. Our study aims to investigate virus attacks from different angles, including their types, methods, and effects. We'll thoroughly examine each type of virus, such as Boot Sector Viruses, Overwrite Viruses, Resident Viruses, File Infecting Viruses, Macro Viruses, Web Scripting Viruses, Polymorphic Viruses, and Multipartite Viruses, to understand their traits, actions, and how they spread, and what they prevent.

Bost Sector Viruses

Boot sector viruses infect the start$-$up part of a computer's storage, often the hard drive. They activate every time the computer starts, even before the operating system kicks in$.$ These viruses can also infect other start$-$up disks like floppy disks. By attacking this crucial part, they can mess up the computer right from the beginning, causing big problems and making it hard to use normally.

Overwrite Viruses

Overwrite viruses are harmful because they delete or change the information in the files they infect. This can cause the infected files to malfunction or stop working completely, depending on how much they're affected. These viruses can damage important data, causing the computer to behave strangely and potentially losing valuable information.

Resident Viruses

Resident viruses are tricky because they hide in your computer's memory and act like they belong there. They can even pretend to be part of your antivirus software, so they're tough to spot and remove. Because they stay in the memory, they can quietly steal your data without you knowing, making them a sneaky threat.

File Infecting Viruses

File$-$infecting viruses are a kind of bad software that sticks to files or documents you can use. They spread fast through shared files and emails. These viruses change the code of the files they get into. So$,$ when you open or use those files, they can do bad things. They can mess up lots of files and make your computer's data messy, causing big troubles.

Macro Viruses

Macro viruses infect software like word processors and spreadsheets. They exploit weaknesses in these programs, especially in macros. They're often created using languages like Visual Basic. When you run a program that supports macros, they activate. These viruses spread through infected documents. This can cause big problems for folks and organizations that use office software frequently.

Web Scripting Viruses

Web scripting viruses are sneaky bugs that exploit vulnerabilities in web languages such as JavaScript and PHP$.$ They sneakily insert harmful code into web pages, leading to various troubles like data theft, deceiving users into sharing their information, and spreading malware. These viruses attack both website servers and the web browsers people use, making robust web security essential to prevent their harmful effects.

Polymorphic Viruses

Polymorphic viruses are sneaky bugs that play tricks to avoid antivirus software. They change their look every time they infect a computer, making them super tough to find and remove. Despite their shape$-$shifting, they still do their harmful deeds without getting caught.

Multipartite viruses

Multipartite viruses spread across various parts of a computer system, including the boot sector, memory, and files. They're tricky to remove because they attack in multiple ways. Since they target different areas, these viruses can quickly spread and cause significant damage, posing a serious threat to system security and data protection.

How viruses spread

Viruses spread in various ways by exploiting weaknesses in both computer systems and human behavior. They often travel through infected files, such as programs or documents, which people unwittingly download or open. Email attachments also serve as a common avenue for virus transmission, with attackers disguising malicious files as harmless, thereby tricking users into infecting their systems upon opening them. USB drives can also facilitate virus transmission by infecting devices when connected. Another method involves exploiting software vulnerabilities, where attackers create exploits to target weaknesses and propagate viruses. Furthermore, viruses can spread through social engineering tactics like phishing emails, where users are deceived into downloading malware disguised as legitimate software or enticing offers.

How to Prevent and Respond to Viruses on Your Device

If your device gets a virus, act quickly to minimize damage. Start by getting a reliable antivirus program and using it to scan your entire system for viruses or malware. Make sure to check all files and